small-scale dairy farming in bangladesh is constrained mostly due to acute shortage, high price and seasonal fluctuation of energy and protein supplements. poor economic conditions of dairy farmers do not allow them to purchase adequate conventional energy and protein supplements. locally available non-conventional energy and protein sources can be used as alternatives, cheaper than conventiona...

In this paper we study the existence of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG)-balanced realizations for continuous-time infinite-dimensional systems. LQG-balanced realizations are those for which the optimal cost operator for the system and its dual system are equal (and diagonal). The class of systems we consider is that of distributional resolvent linear systems which includes well-posed linear sys...

This paper discusses the balanced circulation polytope, that is, the convex hull of balanced circulations of a given balanced flow network. The LP description of this polytope is the LP description of ordinary circulations plus some odd-set constraints. The paper starts with an exposition of several classes of odd-set inequalities. These inequalities are described in terms of balanced network f...

In this paper, a new methodology in the area of cost of quality (COQ) is proposed to determine the optimal investment allocation to all costs. The goal is to minimize costs involved in achieving a required level of quality. The contribution of this paper is fourfold: (I) considering two types of weights for each part of COQ, in which the first type is determined by the cost volume and the secon...

Location S1A1 S1A2 S2A1 S2A2 Fig. 1 Design for the estimation of the random components of uncertainty arising from both the sampling and the analytical procedures. (A) Balanced design. (B) Unbalanced design. An empirical estimation of the random components of measurement uncertainty arising from the sampling and analytical processes can be made via an experiment involving replication. Analysis ...

We produce a GA scheduling routine, which with often relatively low cost finds well-balanced schedules. Incoming tasks (of varying durations) accumulate, then are periodically scheduled, in small batches, to the available processors. Two important priorities for our scheduling work are that loads on the processors are well balanced, and that scheduling per se remains cheap in comparison to the ...

Substructuring in the finite element method is a technique that reduces computational cost and memory usage for analysis of complex structures. The efficiency of this technique depends on the number of substructures in different problems. Some subdivisions increase computational cost, but require little memory usage and vice versa. In the present study, the cost functions of computations and me...

This paper discusses the design characteristics management accounting systems should have to be useful for strategic planning and control and provides brief introductions to strategic variance analysis, profit-linked performance measurement models and balanced scorecard. It shows two multi-period, multiproduct models are specified, can be related to Porter's strategy framework and cost and reve...