BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gray matter heterotopia have been divided into three groups based on clinical and imaging characteristics: subependymal, subcortical, and band heterotopia. Nonetheless, subcortical heterotopia can have variable morphologic findings. The purpose of this study was to perform a morphologic analysis of a series of cases of subcortical heterotopia based on MR images, to correl...

A 13-year-old girl with generalized tonic and grand mal seizures had brain MRI that revealed subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) (figure 1). Twenty-fourhour EEG showed pervasive generalized slow spike and wave pattern (figure 2). Blood DNA confirmed a mutation in the doublecortin (DCX) gene. Interictal 18-fluoro-deoxy (FDG) PET showed reduced FDG uptake ( 10%) in the cerebral cortex and intensel...

Grey matter heterotopia are commonly associated with refractory epilepsy. Depth electrodes recordings have shown that epileptiform activity can be generated within these lesions, and also at a distance in the neocortex. Heterotopia seem to be part of a more complex circuitry involving also the surrounding and distant cerebral cortex. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes to intericta...

BACKGROUND Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that developmental dyslexia may be associated with abnormalities of neuronal migration or axonal connectivity. In patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia--a rare genetic brain malformation characterized by misplaced nodules of gray matter along the lateral ventricles--a specific and unexpected reading disability is present, despite ...

A 27 year old female presented in emergency department with simple partial seizures involving right side of face and right upper limb. She had history of recurrent brief episodes of such seizures since last 6 months. Each episode was followed by localized paresis of involved region lasting for few hours and then recovered. She was on antiepileptic drugs as prescribed by local practitioners. On ...

A new physical model of the gate controlled Schottky barrier height (SBH) lowering in top-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) under saturation bias condition is proposed based on the energy conservation equation with the balance assumption. The theoretical prediction of the SBH lowering agrees well with the experimental data reported in literatures. The reduction of the SBH increase...

In this study we measured the degrees to which the Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) are lowered in ZnO nanowire (NW) devices under illumination with UV light. We measured the I-V characteristics of ZnO nanowire devices to confirm that ZnO is an n-type semiconductor and that the on/off ratio is approximately 10(4). From temperature-dependent I-V measurements we obtained a SBH of 0.661 eV for a Zn...

Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are commonly complicated by intractable focal epilepsy. Epileptogenesis in these disorders is not well understood and may depend on the type of MCD. The cellular mechanisms involved in interictal and ictal events are notably different, and could be influenced independently by the type of pathology. We evaluated the relationship between interictal and...