This work presents model-based strategies for on-board catalyst monitoring and fault detection using a simplified catalyst oxygen storage and reversible deactivation model. The performance of the catalyst is inferred from the error between the post-catalyst exhaust gas oxygen sensor measurement and the model predicted value. Each of these strategies is based on the use of some test statistic th...

Aqueous biphasic catalysis is a convenient approach to convert organic, partially soluble molecules in water. However, converting more hydrophobic substrates is much more challenging as their solubility in water is extremely low. During the past ten years, substantial progress has been made towards improving the contact between hydrophobic substrates and a hydrophilic transition-metal catalyst....

This paper argues that Information Technology (IT) needs to be demystified, through critical consciousness, for educators to focus on IT as a means to enhance learning. It goes on to define the technical, sociohistorical and political-ideological levels of IT and to identify four theoretical constructs: tutorial, machine-as-human, tool kit and catalyst. Pervading these constructs is the underst...

The super-Brownian motion X % in a super-Brownian medium % constructed in DF96a] is known to be persistent (no loss of expected mass in the longtime behaviour) in dimensions one ((DF96a]) and three ((DF96b]). Here we ll the gap in showing that persistence holds also in the critical dimension two. The key to this result is that in any dimension (d 3); given the catalyst, the variance of the proc...

We report the first catalyst based on palladium for the reaction of CO2, alkene and a base to form sodium acrylate and derivatives. A mechanism similar to a previously reported Ni(0)-catalyst is proposed based on stoichiometric in situ NMR experiments, isolated intermediates and a parent palladalactone. Our palladium catalyst was applied to the coupling of CO2 with conjugated alkenes.

Tandem dehydrogenation-olefin-metathesis catalyst systems, comprising a pincer-ligated iridium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst and a molybdenum-based olefin-metathesis catalyst, are reported to effect the metathesis-cyclooligomerization of cyclooctane and cyclodecane to give cycloalkanes with various carbon numbers, predominantly multiples of the substrate carbon number, and polymers.

a fi zr-based catalyst of bis[n-(3,5-dicumylsalicylidene)-2′,6′­diisopropylanilinato]zirconium(iv) dichloride was prepared and used for polymerization of ethylene. the effects of reaction conditions on the polymerization were examined in detail. the increase in ethylene pressure and rise in polymerization temperature up to 35 oc were favorable for catalyst/mao to raise the catalytic activity as...

Experiments of propane and propene steam reforming have been performed over a Pd–Cu/c-Al2O3 catalyst and over a Ni/NiAl2O4 catalyst. Over the palladium-based catalyst, the steam reforming of propene is faster and more selective than steam reforming of propane. Over the Pd catalyst, the steam reforming of propane is likely inhibited by site poisoning. In contrast, over Ni-based catalyst the refo...

The aim of this study was to increase the yield of biodiesel produced by Scenedesmus sp. through in situ transesterification by optimizing various process parameters. Based on the orthogonal matrix analysis for the acidic catalyst, the effects of the factors decreased in the order of reaction temperature (47.5%) > solvent quantity (26.7%) > reaction time (17.5%) > catalyst amount (8.3%). Based ...