The global Markov property for Gaussian graphical models ensures graph separation implies conditional independence. Specifically if a node set S graph separates nodes u and v then Xu is conditionally independent of Xv given XS . The opposite direction need not be true, that is, Xu ⊥ Xv | XS need not imply S is a node separator of u and v. When it does, the relation Xu ⊥ Xv | XS is called faithf...

Networked dynamic systems are often abstracted as directed graphs, where the observed system processes form vertex set and edges used to represent nonzero transfer functions. Recovering exact underlying graph structure of such a networked system, given only observational data, is challenging task. In this article, we prove that there instances networks for which any method susceptible inferring...

A particularly nasty husband might hit his wife with the sharp edge of a machete or axe or shoot a barbed arrow into some nonvital area, such as the buttocks or the leg. Another brutal punishment is to hold the glowing end of a piece of firewood against the wife's body, producing painful and serious burns. Normally, however, the husband's reprimands are consistent with the perceived seriousness...

The present study investigates the performance of population codes when the fluctuations in neural activity have mutual correlation with strength being proportional to the neuronal firing rate (multiplicative noise). The neural field is used to calculate the Fisher information, which is decomposed in two parts, one due to the tuning function and spatial correlation, and the other due to the mul...

Although obsessive jealousy is a highly disturbing disorder, frequently it goes unrecognized, as most attention is paid to delusional jealousy, being the more prominent clinical phenomenon. In order to distinguish obsessive from delusional jealousy, the basic clinical characteristics of these two types of jealousy are presented, as well as the mechanism of their respective genesis, and the diff...

This paper takes a computational/experimental approach to investigating faithfulness in input–output phonological mappings. We seek to explain the results of a speech production experiment recently reported in Davidson (2010). In that experiment, native English speakers were asked to produce phonotactically unattested consonant clusters. We argue that modifications of the target consonant clust...

The Mawgridge’s case in 1707 set the precedent where adultery was recognised as a justified trigger for husband’s killing of his wife’s lover; this crystallised partial defence provocation. However, an 1810 case, unfaithful wife followed manslaughter conviction rather than murder first time. This study aims to investigate shaping legally permissible violence, that is, mitigation culpability adu...