the intension in this work is to investigate the effect of different bending manifold pipes on engine performance for different engine speed. Power, Torque, and BSFC were calculated and presented to show the effect of varying bending pipes angles on them for all cases considered. A special program used to carry out the calculations. A simulation model for 4-cylinders spark ignition engine with ...

This paper investigates the effects of nonlinear large deflection bending on the aerodynamic performance and aeroelasticity of a high aspect ratio flexible wing. A nonlinear large deflection theory is developed for aeroelasticity to account for large deflection bending. An analysis is conducted to compare the nonlinear bending theory with the linear bending theory. The results show that the non...

We examine deformation mechanisms and performance of multilayered structures inspired by imbricated scale-tissue systems of elasmoid fish. Exact analytical solutions are derived for these soft composite structures undergoing finite deformation in compressive and bending loading conditions. The layered structure leads to dramatic coupled shear-compressive deformations which afford distinct and a...

Bending property of Ti-Ni alloy dental castings was evaluated in comparison with that of Co-Cr alloy in a cantilever test. Heat treatment effect on the bending property was also investigated in relation to phase transformation. Ti-50.85Ni (mol%) alloy was used, and the shape of bending test specimens was half-rounded in cross section, 2.0mm in diameter. The bending test was carried out at 310K....

This study compared the biomechanical performance of 4.5-mm limited-contact dynamic compression plates and 3.5-mm locking compression plates for the fixation of unstable humeral shaft fractures. Composite humeri were divided into two groups: 3.5mm LC and 4.5-mm LCDC plates. Osteotomy gaps of 5-mm, simulating diaphyseal comminution, were created. Stiffness tests were performed in anterior-poster...

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) are versatile robotic components enabling diverse and complex soft robot hardware design. However, due to inherent material characteristics exhibited by their primary constitutive material, silicone rubber, they often lack robustness and repeatability in performance. In this article, we present a novel SPA-based bending module design with shell reinforcement. The...

A highly-efficient, flexible piezoelectric PZT thin film nanogenerator is demonstrated using a laser lift-off (LLO) process. The PZT thin film nanogenerator harvests the highest output performance of ∼200 V and ∼150 μA·cm(-2) from regular bending motions. Furthermore, power sources generated from a PZT thin film nanogenerator, driven by slight human finger bending motions, successfully operate ...