Boron may be beneficial for bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, and the inflammatory response, and silicon may be beneficial for bone maintenance and wound healing. Fluoride is not an essential element but amounts provided by contamination may be beneficial for bone strength. Fluoride toxicity may be a concern in parenteral nutrition. Further studies are warranted to d...

This paper describes the retrieval approaches used by Queen Mary, University of London in the INEX 2006 ad hoc track. In our participation, we mainly investigate element-specific smoothing method within the language modelling framework. We adjust the amount of smoothing required for each XML element depending on its number of topic shifts to provide a focused access to XML elements in the Wikip...

One of the beneficial features of inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is its ability to measure multiple isotopes of the same element. This ability is useful in many analyses, primarily as confirmation of a correct answer (i.e. if two isotopes of the same element give the same result, the result is most likely correct) or the ability to select another analytical isotope, if an interf...

The element of Fe can enhance the strength of TiB2/TiAl composite, but it is detrimental to the ductility of the composite due to the existence of large bulk TiB2 phase at grain boundary. The element of Mn is beneficial to the ductility of TiB2/TiAl composite, of which the fracture strain increases from 15.9 to 17.9 % with the addition of 2 at.% Mn. The element of Co can improve the strength an...