BACKGROUND The soil-transmitted helminths (STH) Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura are gastrointestinal parasites causing many disabilities to humans, particularly children. The benzimidazole (BZ) drugs, albendazole (ALB) and mebendazole (MBZ), are commonly used for mass treatment for STH. Unfortunately, there is concern that increased use of anthelmintics could select for resistant p...

Before revised World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines on the detection of anthelmintic resistance can be produced, validation of modified and new methods is required in laboratories in different parts of the world. There is a great need for improved methods of detection of anthelmintic resistance particularly for the detection of macrocyclic lactone ...

A field strain of H. contortus, already resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics, was also found to be slightly resistant to rafoxanide. This is apparently the first report of resistance to rafoxanide in a field strain of H. contortus.

Resistance of benzimidazole fungicides is related to the point mutation of the β-tubulin gene in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The point mutation at codon 198 (GAG → GCG, E198A) occurs in more than 90% of field resistant populations in China. Traditional detection methods of benzimidazole-resistant mutants of S. sclerotiorum are time-consuming, tedious and inefficient. To establish a suitable and r...

Benzimidazole, a simple heterocycle continues to hold promise to medicinal chemists. A vast number of compounds contain this scaffold and many of these have become blockbusters such as omeprazole, astemizole, candesartan to name a few. Benzimidazoles are unique in that they have been reported to show activity against fungal, mammalian and helminthes cells via binding to microtubules. They are t...

Benzimidazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles exhibiting remarkable pharmacological activities. Numerous method for the synthesis of benzimidazole and also their diverse reactions offer enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. Various reported biological activities (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anticancer, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antitubercular, an...

Infective larvae (L3) of a strain of benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus were stored in the gas phase of liquid nitrogen, thawed and used to infest worm-free sheep from which, in turn, larvae were cultured, frozen and thawed. This cycle was repeated 5 times. Thereafter, the progeny of the cryopreserved larvae were compared with the progeny of the original untreated larvae for susceptib...

Benzimidazoles are the most commonly used anthelmintic drugs for the chemical control of sheep strongylidoses in Bulgaria. The intensive and not always proper application could be able to cause a reduction of their efficacy. To establish benzimidazole resistances among gastrointestinal strongylids, two in vitro assays were performed – Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA). Th...

This survey was conducted in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and involved 182 farms located in 26 counties. In addition to the three major broad-spectrum anthelmintic groups (viz. benzimidazole, levamisole and ivermectin) the combination benzimidazole and levamisole and the H. contortus specific anthelmintic, closantel, were tested by the faecal egg count reduction method for ...

2,5,6-Trichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (TCRB) is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. TCRB acts via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of viral DNA processing and packaging. Resistance to the 2-bromo analog (BDCRB) has been mapped to the UL89 open reading frame (ORF), and this gene product was proposed as the viral target of the benzimi...