We propose and demonstrate a single-fiber bi-directional WDM self-healing ring network with simple bidirectional OADM. By employing our proposed alternate-path switching scheme, the bi-directional traffic can be restored promptly under single fiber failure. Introduction Bi-directional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) self-healing ring (SHR) network [1-2] is an attractive and cost-effectiv...

Focusing on the working relationship between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers, our study examines two dimensions of interpersonal conflict: dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict. Drawing on relevant theory, we include three communication variables – frequency, bidirectionality, and quality – as antecedents in our structural model. Using these explanatory variables we predict the t...

An algorithm is described for solving the node-to-set disjoint paths problem in bi-rotator graphs, which are obtained by making each edge of a rotator graph bi-directional. The algorithm is of polynomial order of n for an n-bi-rotator graph. It is based on recursion and divided into three cases according to the distribution of destination nodes in the classes into which the nodes in a bi-rotato...

The most common solutions to the light transport problem rely on either Monte Carlo (MC) integration or density estimation methods, such as uni& bi-directional path tracing or photon mapping. Recent gradient-domain extensions of MC approaches show great promise; here, gradients of the final image are estimated numerically (instead of the image intensities themselves) with coherent paths generat...

Th rough their multiple roles in tourism, residents of destination communities interact with tourists at destinations. Th e consequences of these host-guest interactions are bi-directional. Much research has been done on impacts of host-guest interactions on the local community. On the other hand, few studies have evaluated how tourists' on-site behaviour and experiences are aff ected by such i...

This paper describes a corpus of conversations recorded using an extension of the DiapixUK task: the Diapix Foreign Language corpus (DIAPIX-FL) . English and Spanish native talkers were recorded speaking both English and Spanish. The bidirectionality of the corpus makes it possible to separate language (English or Spanish) from speaking in a first language (L1) or second language (L2). An acous...

For finding a shortest path in a network the bidirectional A* algorithm is a widely known algorithm. An A* instance requires a heuristic estimate, a real-valued function on the set of nodes. The version of bidirectional A* that is considered the most appropriate in literature hitherto, uses so-called balanced heuristic estimates. This means that the two estimates of the two directions are in ba...

Many relations between model elements are expressed in OCL. However, tool support to enable synchronization of elements based on OCL-expressed relations is lacking. In this paper, we propose to use active operations in order to achieve incremental execution of some OCL expressions. Moreover, bidirectionality can also be achieved in non-trivial

This paper demonstrates the existence of bi-directional relationships between interfirm collaboration and business sales. Entry and post-entry collaboration often contribute to superior performance, which in turn attracts more partners. At the same time, though, collaboration may impose constraints on growth opportunities. The relationships vary across types of collaborators and collaborations ...

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an emerging technology designed for the communication of IPs in an embedded system. This paper proposes a 3D (Three-Dimensional) model for a Bi-directional NoC (BiNoC). This three-dimensional model inspires the development of a new routing algorithm for BiNoC, called Bidirectional Routing (Bi-Routing). Bi-Routing is a fully adaptive routing algorithm using different lay...