This paper describes the addition of bidirectional flow export to the IPFIX protocol, and the impact of this effort on security-related flow analysis. Along the way, it examines the application of bidirectional flow measurement to common security analysis tasks and the positive impact the adoption of IPFIX as a common interchange format could, and will, have on the community using flow measurem...

BACKGROUND Aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) have been associated with increased morbidity after the Fontan operation. We aimed to quantify APC flow after bidirectional cavopulmonary connections and Fontan completions, using phase-contrast MRI, and to identify risk factors for the development of APCs. METHODS AND RESULTS APC blood flow was quantifiable in 24 of 36 retrospectively analyzed MRI...

We have introduced evolutionary game dynamics to a one-dimensional cellular-automaton to investigate evolution and maintenance of cooperative avoiding behavior of self-driven particles in bidirectional flow. In our model, there are two kinds of particles, which are right-going particles and left-going particles. They often face opponent particles, so that they swerve to the right or left stocha...

OBJECTIVES This study attempted to provide a formula for calculation of the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio in children after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. BACKGROUND With the bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, only the superior vena cava blood is oxygenated by the lungs. The inferior vena cava flow recirculates into the systemic circulation. The ratio of these flows will deter...

large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow simulations in patient-specific models of the subarachnoid space characterize CSF flow in more detail than MR flow imaging. We extended previous simulation studies by including cyclic CSF flow and patient-specific models in multiple patients with Chiari I. We compared simulation results with MR flow measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Volumetric high resolution ima...

We study uniqueness of Nash equilibria in atomic splittable congestion games and derive a uniqueness result based on polymatroid theory: when the strategy space of every player is a bidirectional flow polymatroid, then equilibria are unique. Bidirectional flow polymatroids are introduced as a subclass of polymatroids possessing certain exchange properties. We show that important cases such as b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CSF fluid dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with Chiari I have been characterized during rest with phase-contrast MR imaging and CFD. CSF flow velocities and pressures in the nonresting state have not been adequately characterized. We used computer simulations to study CSF dynamics during increased heart rates in the normal and Chiari I subarachnoid space. MATER...

The hydrodynamics of distributary channels has tremendous impact on nutrient and dissolved oxygen circulation, transport of sediments, and delta formation and evolution; yet many processes acting at the river–marine interface of a delta are poorly understood. This paper investigates the combined effect of river hydrograph and micro-tides on the hydrodynamics of a delta distributary. As the rati...