the taguchi design of experiments was used to test the relative importance of medium components and environmental factors on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)(phb) production by ralstonia eutropha. the optimum condition was obtained as: fructose concentration, 15 g/l; c/n ratio, 7.4; agitation speed 200 rpm; culture time, 40 h; temperature, 25 ° c; seed age, 15 h. at optimum condition the yield of phb pr...

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The major purpose of this study was to develop a simple procedure to describe the kinetics of biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water and to use this procedure to evaluate changes in the concentration of biodegradable organic matter during ozonation and biotreatment. The proposed approach quantitatively describes the formation and removal of rapidly and slowly biodegrad...

Environmentally Degradable Parameter ((Ed)K) is of importance in the describing of biodegradability of environmentally biodegradable polymers (BDPs). In this study, a concept (Ed)K was introduced. A test procedure of using the ISO 14852 method and detecting the evolved carbon dioxide as an analytical parameter was developed, and the calculated (Ed)K was used as an indicator for the ultimate bio...

1 Definition of bioplastics The two main groups of bioplastics are biobased polymers and biodegradable plastics. Biobased polymers are derived from biomass sources, which are not necessarily biodegradable. Biodegradable plastics, on the other hand, can be either made of natural or fossil sources. In 2012, the IUPAC recommended a terminology for biorelated polymers [1, 2]. Two further, special c...

This discussion explores the possibility of having a measure of the biodegradable organic carbon content in solid wastes. Currently, indirect measures for determining the concentration of biodegradable organic matter are being used and most of them are based on respiration indices (oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production) or chemical parameters (volatile solids or total organic carbon)....

Worldwide many researchers are exploring the potential use of biodegradable polymerics as carriers for a wide range of therapeutic applications. In the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials, mainly in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries due to their versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. The...

One of the greatest challenges to modern technologies is what to do with them when they go irreparably wrong or come to the end of their productive lives. The convention, since the development of modern civilisation, is to discard a broken item and then procure a new one. In the 20th century enlightened environmentalists campaigned for recycling and reuse (R&R). R&R has continued to be an impor...

Biodegradable plastics are those that can be completely degraded in landfills, composters or sewage treatment plants by the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms. Truly biodegradable plastics leave no toxic, visible or distinguishable residues following degradation. Their biodegradability contrasts sharply with most petroleum-based plastics, which are essentially indestructible in a bio...

The widespread use of H and 14C in research has generated a large volume of waste mixed with scintillation liquid, requiring an effective control and appropriate storage of liquid radioactive waste. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of three commercially available scintillation liquids, Optiphase HiSafe 3, Ultima-Gold AB (biodegradable) and Insta-Gel-XF (non-biodegradable), in term...