IT IS now widely accepted that the investigation of cytokine expression during inflammation can provide information about the pathogenesis of disease and help to define key therapeutic targets [1]. These studies have been greatly facilitated by the availability of recombinant human cytokines, essential for the development of specific assays. As assays have become more widely available, rheumato...

Electro-assisted extraction of ionic drugs from biological fluids through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) and into an aqueous acceptor solution was recently introduced as a new sample preparation technique termed electromembrane extraction (EME). The applied electrical potential across the SLM has typically been in the range of 1-300 V. Successful extractions have been demonstrated even with ...

Digital medicine based on the integration of all medical data from a particular patient has become reality today, thanks to information technology. Traditional examinations can be supplemented by assessment results oxidative-anti-oxidative (OAO) status body. Electrochemical sensors are able not only determine integral indicators OAO system body but also depict details processes occurring in sys...