An electrostatic-spray ionization (ESTASI) method has been used for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of samples deposited in or on an insulating substrate. The ionization is induced by a capacitive coupling between an electrode and the sample. In practice, a metallic electrode is placed close to but not in direct contact with the sample. Upon application of a high voltage pulse to the electrode,...

The coupled acoustic-gravity field channel used in this study is schematically illustrated in Fig. 5.1. A lead-zirconate-titanate transducer with 510kHz resonant frequency (170mm-length × 15mm-width × 4.2mm-thick, Fuji-ceramics Inc., Japan) was glued on a 5.00mm-thick Pyrex glass plate using epoxy adhesive. Boat-shaped PTFE spacer (0.8mm-thickness) was sandwiched between the glass plate with tr...

Chromosome alignment in the middle of the bipolar spindle is a hallmark of metazoan cell divisions. When we offset the metaphase plate position by creating an asymmetric centriole distribution on each pole, we find that metaphase plates relocate to the middle of the spindle before anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint enables this centering mechanism by providing cells enough time to correc...

Fuel cell is one of the main powers new energy vehicles. In fuel cell, bipolar plate an important component for its normal operation, which plays a variety roles, such as distributing reaction gas, collecting current, draining water, conducting heat and supporting machinery. Its flow field structure determines proportion area, uniformity gas distribution, etc., significantly affects many parame...

Bipolar plates perform as current conductors between cells, provide conduits for reactant gases, facilitate water and thermal management through the cells, and constitute the backbone of a fuel cell stack. Currently, commercial bipolar plates are made of graphite composite because of its relatively low interfacial contact resistance (ICR) and high corrosion resistance. However, graphite composi...