Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a technique that produces a spectrogram of an ultrashort laser pulse. The intensity and phase of the ultrashort laser pulse can be determined through solving for the phase of the spectrogram with an iterative, phase-retrieval algorithm. This work presents a new phase-retrieval algorithm that retrieves both the probe and the gate pulses independently b...

Ductile cutting are most widely used in fabricating high-quality optical glass components to achieve crack-free surfaces. For ultra-precision machining of brittle glass materials, critical undeformed chip thickness (CUCT) commonly plays a pivotal role in determining the transition point from ductile cutting to brittle cutting. In this research, cutting characteristics in nanometric cutting of B...

Cross-phase modulation (XPM) and induced focusing occur when copropagating ultrafast pulses interact in a nonlinear medium. XPM and induced focusing are investigated as new techniques to control the spectral, temporal, and spatial properties of ultrafast pulses with femtosecond time response. In this paper we review our most recent measurements on (1) induced spectral broadening in BK7 glass, (...

Planar gratings and holograms are normally readout-wavelength insensitive. We show, however, that a binary phase surface-relief hologram can be transparent at one wavelength (lambda) yet diffract efficiently at another (lambda'), provided that the phase delay is an integer number of waves (e.g., 3) at lambda and a half-integer number of waves (e.g., 2.5) at lambda'. We fabricated a 7.9-microm-d...

This paper aims to present a novel rapid hot embossing approach and study filling capacity of optical glass in the process. Firstly, device is developed, which consists heating module precision loading module. Particularly, allows maximum temperature 800 °C rate 300 °C/min, with decent control accuracy uniform distribution. In process, by incompletely microhole silicon carbide mold, microlens w...

In this paper, an improved small-angle sensor based on total-internal reflection (TIR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in heterodyne interferometry (HI) is proposed. The improved small-angle sensor is designed as a reflective elongated prism made of BK7 glass. The shorter-side surface of the reflective elongated prism was coated with a 2 nm Ti film and a 45.5 nm Au film, but the longer-side...