Human exposure to blast waves without any fragment impacts can still result in primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). To investigate the mechanical response of human brain to primary blast waves and to identify the injury mechanisms of bTBI, a three-dimensional finite element head model consisting of the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, nasal cavity, and brain was developed from...

  Purpose: Since explosive blasts continue to cause casualties in both civil and military environments, there is a need for an understanding of the mechanisms of blast trauma at the human organ level, plus a more detailed predictive methodology. The primary goal of this research was to develop a finite element model capable of predicting primary blast injury to the lung so as to assist in the d...

purpose: since explosive blasts continue to cause casualties in both civil and military environments, there is a need for an understanding of the mechanisms of blast trauma at the human organ level, plus a more detailed predictive methodology. the primary goal of this research was to develop a finite element model capable of predicting primary blast injury to the lung so as to assist in the dev...

The main focus of this study was the effect of a full blast wave on lightweight nonstructural components, such as window glazing. Both the positive and negative phases of the blast pulse were considered. Previously, structural analysis models considered only the positive phase of the blast load. The structural response is defined by the peak positive and negative values of the pressure, the dur...

Recent studies have shown an increase in the frequency of traumatic brain injuries related to blast exposure. However, the mechanisms that cause blast neurotrauma are unknown. Blast neurotrauma research using computational models has been one method to elucidate that response of the brain in blast, and to identify possible mechanical correlates of injury. However, model validation against exper...

Purpose The role of ear canal in transmitting blast waves to the brain is not clear. The goal of this work is to characterize the influence of ear canal on blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury through a computational approach. Methods A three-dimensional human head model with single-side ear canal details was reconstructed from computed tomography images. The ear canal was positioned eithe...

Need for designing certain important structures to resist blast loads is increasing in the recent past years, due to the enhanced terrorist operations. A bomb explosion can cause very serious damage on the building's external and internal structural frames. Collapse of one structural member in the vicinity of the source of explosion, may then create critical stress redistributions and lead to c...

High-pressure blast waves can cause extensive CNS injury in human beings. However, in combat settings, such as Iraq and Afghanistan, lower level exposures associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or subclinical exposure have been much more common. Yet controversy exists concerning what traits can be attributed to low-level blast, in large part due to the difficulty of distinguishing b...