Acid-activated Nibo clay was applied as an adsorbent in the bleaching of crude palm oil. The collected sample activated with hydrochloric acid solution after it sun-dried and ground. raw (NC) (ANC) samples were characterized using XRF, SEM, FTIR analyses. efficiency process examined by varying dosage, temperature contact time. results analyses on NC ANC showed that clays kaolinites significant ...

The aim of this study was to search vegetable oil bleaching abilities 30 different adsorbent materials placed into four groups (natural clay, acid-activated natural synthetic adsorbent, metal-organic frames). After treatment against control sample, color (L, a*, b* values), weight loss (%), free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and the specific extinctions K232 K270 were measured. Base...

Spent bleaching clay from the oil refining industry was subjected to heat regeneration in a box furnace with air. The heat reactivation was conducted without previous extraction of residual oil and with previous extraction of oil using organic solvent. The experimental temperature ranged from 723 at 873 K. A model for the kinetic of thermal reactivation of spent adsorbent has been proposed. The...

In the present study, activated bleaching earth was used as clay adsorbent for an investigation of the adsorbability and adsorption kinetics of acid dyes (i.e., acid orange 51, acid blue 9, and acid orange 10) with three different molecular sizes from aqueous solution at 25 degrees C in a batch adsorber. The rate of adsorption has been investigated under the most important process parameters (i...

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste generated by the edible oil industry that currently has limited options for beneficial reuse. In excess of ∼2 million tonnes per year of SBE is generated world-wide with major quantities available in the middle-east where significant volumes of edible oils are produced. Low pressure compaction followed by heat treatment at 150°C causes polymerisation of th...

This study focusses on bleaching phenomena the pore scale in an Olenekian (Upper Buntsandstein) sandstone quarry. The area exposes a 10 m thick red body with up to cm-sized, greyish-white laminae sandstones. Analyses focus bleached and unbleached zones same cm-sized samples. Bleached show larger grain size (by 27 μm), less compaction higher porosity 3 %). They also exhibit stronger cementation ...

Extensive regions of yellow and white (“bleached”) sandstones within the terrestrial Jurassic red bed deposits Colorado Plateau reflect widespread interaction with subsurface reduced fluids which resulted in dissolution iron-oxide grain coatings. Reduced such as hydrocarbons, CO2, organic acids have been proposed bleaching agents. In this study, we characterize an altered section Slick Rock mem...