Shoulder arthroplasty success has been attributed to many factors including, bone quality, soft tissue balancing, surgeon experience, and implant design. Improved long-term success is primarily limited by glenoid implant loosening. Prosthesis design examines materials and shape and determines whether the design should withstand a lifetime of use. Finite element (FE) analyses have been extensive...

Miljanka VUKSANOVIĆ Kliničko odeljenje za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Interna klinika Kliničko-bolnički centar „Zvezdara“ Dimitrija Tucovića 161 11000 Beograd Srbija [email protected] SUMMARY Bone is a living tissue, metabolically very active, with the level of turnover of about 10% per year. Bone remodeling is a well-balanced process of bone resorption, induced by osteoc...

OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomy of bone and the physiology of bone remodeling as a basis for the proper management of stress fractures in physically active people. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed for the years 1965 through 2000 using the key words stress fracture, bone remodeling, epidemiology, and rehabilitation. DATA SYNTHESIS Bone undergoes a normal remodeling process in physically act...

Bone remodeling is the fundamental means by which the quality as well as quantity of the skeleton is maintained throughout adult life. When bone remodeling goes awry, a metabolic bone disease such as osteoporosis ensues. Among multiple phases of the complex remodeling process, we focus in this review on factors and mechanisms that are involved in the coupling of bone formation to preceding reso...

Exposure to chronic skeletal muscle disuse and unloading that astronauts experience results in deconditioning bone remodeling. Tendons involved the transmission of force from muscles skeleton are also affected. Understanding changes occur muscle, tendon, is an essential step toward limiting or preventing deleterious effects reduction mechanical load. Numerous reviews have reported this on both ...

A hypothetical regulation mechanism for bone modeling and remodeling under electromagnetic field is proposed. In this hypothesis, the bone modeling and remodeling mechanism is described as follows: the circular loads that we bear during ordinary daily activities generate micro-damage in cortical bone and these micro-cracks are removed by osteoclasts. Then growth factors, which are in latent for...

During bone resorption, abundant factors previously buried in the bone matrix are released into the bone marrow microenvironment, which results in recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for subsequent bone formation, temporally and spatially coupling bone remodeling. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) orchestrates the signaling of many pathways that direct MSC fate....

Osteocytes, former osteoblasts buried within bone, are thought to orchestrate skeletal adaptation to mechanical stimuli. However, it remains unknown whether hormones control skeletal homeostasis through actions on osteocytes. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone remodeling and may cause bone loss or bone gain depending on the balance between bone resorption and formation. Herein, we demons...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with both extensive vascular calcification and abnormal bone remodeling, namely renal osteodystrophy. Moreover, there is increasing evidence for a close relationship between bone and vessel function. Pathological vascular calcification has been recently recognized as an active, cell-mediated process with similarities to physiological skeletal mineraliz...