biological fertilizers can be suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable agriculture. in order to evaluation of integrated application of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan in strip intercropping, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized comp...

Visual and haptic factors can affect a user’s interpretation of vibrotactile cues communicating location of objects in a real or virtual environment. Identifying and understanding relevant factors will lead to better device and interface design, for example, through procedures that adjust for systematic error or per-user differences. We considered direct effects of hand-tactor contact geometry ...

Intercropping often results in increasing production than sole per unit land area, but theunderlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Plants showed different physiologicalcharacteristics in intercropping and sole. However, less information was shown the relationshipsbetween plant aboveground biomass (AB), phosphorus accumulation (PB) and remobilizationand the yield advantage. Here, field exper...

in order to study the effects of intra and inter-row spaces and planting pattern on the yield components, seed and oil yield of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.), a field experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized block design with three replications during 2009-2010 at the agricultural research station of ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran. two levels of inter-row space (1 an...

sowing date and plant density are important factors in grain yield of cow pea. in order to study effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of cow pea, an experiment was conducted in research farm of ramin university of agricultural and natural resources in 2008. the experimental design was split plots in randomized complete design with four replications. the experime...

The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of water and nitrogen in the soil profile are essential influencing factors that determine development crop root systems. purpose this study was to clarify inter-row inter-tree variability moisture apple zone, effective diameter ranges trees influence absorption. method used a 2-year border irrigation experiment carried out traditional orchard Zun...

We aimed to establish standards for tobacco Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU) in Brazil. We obtained information regarding the size and design of plots of two varietal groups of tobacco (Virginia and Burley). Ten inbred lines of each varietal group were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The plot contained 42 plants with six rows of seven columns each. For each e...

The objective of this study was to determine if planting cotton into the space between the previous year's rows reduces crop loss due to Meloidogyne incognita compared to planting in the same row every year. Row placement had a significant (P </= 0.05) effect on nematode population levels only on 8 July 2005. Plots receiving 1,3-dichloropropene plus aldicarb had lower nematode population levels...

the use of more competitive species and cultivars in small grain cereal production may help to develop production systems that require less herbicide. this study was designed to identify root and shoot characteristics of cereal seedlings that would allow distinguishing the more competitive (mc) cultivars from the less competitive (lc) ones. two growth cabinet trials were conducted using four cr...