Botnets are one of the most serious and widespread cyber threats. Today botnets have been facilitating many cybercrimes, especially financial, top secret thefts. Botnets can be available for lease in the market and are utilized by the cybercriminals to launch massive attacks like DDoS, click fraud, phishing attacks etc., Several large institutions, hospitals, banks, government organizations and...

In recent years, with the rapid growth of the Internet applications and services, botnet becomes one of the most severe threats on the Internet. Because the botnets can be automatically evolved as different localized versions in a short period of time, how to find an effective and efficient approach to detect and notify the Botnet attack becomes an important and interesting issue. To cope with ...

Botnets are known to be one of the most serious Internet security threats. In this survey, we review botnet architectures and their controlling mechanisms. Botnet infection behavior is explained. Then, known botnet models are outlined to study botnet design. Furthermore, Fast-Flux Service Networks (FFSN) are discussed in great details as they play an important role in facilitating botnet traffi...

background: the main object of this experimental work was to practise laboratory production both adult and the larval stage of hymenolepis diminuta with conventional modification to make further studies easier. materials & method: adults h. diminuta were collected from urban rats in tehran, iran. the beetles became infected using blended gravid segments with flour as bait. cysticercoids have be...

there are many claims that quantum mechanics plays a key role in the origin and/or operation of biological organisms. the mechanism of the meiosis, mitosis and gametes life cycle from the view-point of quantum for human has been represented. the quantum gates have been used to simulate these processes for the first time. the reason of several hundred sperms has been explained in the male too

Botnets have become an increasing security concern in today’s Internet. Thus far the mitigation to botnet attacks is a never ending arms race focusing on technical approaches. In this paper, we model botnet-related cybercrimes as a result of profit-maximizing decision-making from the perspectives of both botnet masters and renters/attackers. From this economic model, we can understand the effec...

Botnets are networks of computers infected with malicious programs that allow cybercriminals/botnet herders to control the infected machines remotely without the user’s knowledge. In many cases, botnet herders are motivated by economic incentives and try to significantly profit from illegal botnet activity while causing significant economic damage to society. To analyze the economic aspects of ...

Botnets have become an increasing security concern in today’s Internet. Since current technological defenses against botnets have failed to produce results, it has become necessary to think about different strategies. Given that money is perhaps the single determining force driving the growth in botnet attacks, we propose an interesting economic approach to take away the root cause of botnet, i...

Botnets, networks of compromised machines that can be remotely controlled by an attacker, are one of the most common attack platforms nowadays. They can, for example, be used to launch distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal sensitive information, or send spam emails. A longterm measurement study of botnet activities is useful as a basis for further research on global botnet mitigat...