Abiotic and biotic processes operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales to shape many ecological processes, including species distributions and demography. Current debate about the relative roles of niche-based and stochastic processes in shaping species distributions and community composition reflects, in part, the challenge of understanding how these processes interact across scales. Tra...

Relevant management decisions are directly subjected to our ability to characterize landscape pattern: the amount and arrangement of spatial variability. The primary objectives of our project were (1) to develop new exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods to evaluate and quantify landscape spatial heterogeneity across spatial scales, and (2) to assess the sensitivity of widely used lan...

An analytical model for a coastal boundary current was used to investigate heat and salt budget of exchange flows in the Persian Gulf as a marginal sea. Coastal boundary currents exchange heat and freshwater with the mosphere and the offshore waters. As heat and salinity fluxes caused by air-sea interaction and eddy activities, different temperature and salinity associated with boundary current...

Many authors make distinctions between clinical trial designs derived using “group sequential designs” (e.g., O’Brien-Fleming or Pocock designs), “error spending functions” (e.g., Lan & DeMets or Hwang, Shih, & DeCani), “stochastic curtailment” (e.g., conditional power or Bayesian predictive power), and “Bayesian designs” based on posterior probabilities. However, in RCTdesign we regard these a...

an analytical model for a coastal boundary current was used to investigate heat and salt budget of exchange flows in the persian gulf as a marginal sea. coastal boundary currents exchange heat and freshwater with the mosphere and the offshore waters. as heat and salinity fluxes caused by air-sea interaction and eddy activities, different temperature and salinity associated with boundary current...

It is for the first time the double-twisted helical single lamellar crystals were observed in a series of synthetic chiral non-racemic main-chain liquid crystalline polyesters. Phase structure and transition behaviors were investigated. Multiple liquid crystalline phases were found including the twisted grain boundary phase. During crystallization, the chain molecules kept their memory of the p...

Quantum fluctuations of a certain class of bulk operators defined in spatial subvolumes of Minkowski space-time, have an unexpected area scaling property. We wish to present evidence that such area scaling may be ascribed to a boundary theory. We first highlight the implications of area scaling with two examples in which the boundary area of the spatial regions is not monotonous with their volu...