Serum penicillin G falls to low levels 2 weeks after injection as benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in young adults. Using Pmetrics and previously reported penicillin G pharmacokinetic data after 1.2 million units were given as BPG to 329 male military recruits, here we develop the first reported population pharmacokinetic model of penicillin G after BPG injection. We simulated time-concentration p...

BACKGROUND The inflammasome responses in Treponema pallidum infection have been poorly understood to date. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the development of tissue inflammation in rabbits infected with T. pallidum. METHODS Forty-five rabbits were randomly assigned to a blank group or an infection...

Despite unambiguous and prescriptive recommendations in national guidelines [1], clinicians are still unsure of the optimal antibiotic regimen to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with early syphilis. The recommendation to use a single 2.4-millionunit (MU) dose of long-acting benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to treat all persons with early syphilis has been viewed with susp...

To clarify the role of gammaN-terminal Gly, gamma5 Glu, and gamma143 Ser in 2,3-biphosphosphoglycerate (BPG) binding to fetal hemoglobin (Hb F), we engineered and produced normal human Hb F and two Hb F variants (Hb F gammaG1V, gammaS143H, and Hb F gammaG1V, gammaE5P, gammaS143H) using a yeast expression system and then compared their oxygen-binding properties with those of native human Hb F an...

When introduced in the 1950s, benzathine penicillin G (BPG) was shown to be effective in eradicating group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) for at least 3 weeks after administration. Several studies since the 1990s suggest that at 3-4 weeks serum penicillin G levels are less than adequate (below MIC(90) of 0.016 µg/ml). We studied these levels for 4 weeks after the recommended dose of BPG i...

A simple strategy to immobilize highly efficient ruthenium based molecular water-oxidation catalysts on the basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPG) by polymerization has been demonstrated. The electrode 1@BPG has obtained a high initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 10.47 s(-1) at ∼700 mV overpotential, and a high turnover number (TON) up to 31600 in 1 h electrolysis.

PURPOSE To compare the clinical characteristics of unilaterally progressing glaucoma (UPG) and simultaneously bilaterally progressing glaucoma (BPG) in medically treated cases. METHODS Primary open angle glaucoma patients were classified as having UPG or BPG according to an assessment of optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer photographs and visual field analysis. Risk factors including the...

Since the 1950s the U.S. military has used intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) to control outbreaks of respiratory disease. In an effort to find an alternative prophylaxis, a randomized field trial was conducted among 1,016 male U.S. Marine trainee volunteers at high risk for respiratory disease. Participants were evaluated for evidence of acute respiratory infection by se...

We conducted five studies to demonstrate that individuals’ beliefs in pure evil (BPE) and in pure good (BPG) are valid and important psychological constructs. First, these studies together demonstrated that BPE and BPG are reliable, unitary, and stable constructs each composed of eight theoretically interdependent dimensions. Second, these studies showed that across a wide variety of different ...

BACKGROUND Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever is achieved by proper antibiotic treatment of group A β -hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. METHODS To assess noninferiority of oral amoxicillin to intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (IM BPG). Children (2 to 12 years) meeting enrollment criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive antibiotic treatment in 2 urban outpatient clinics i...