This Chapter covers the emissions of airborne particulate matter (PM) from road transport which are due to vehicle tyre and brake wear (SNAP code 070700) and road surface wear (SNAP code 070800). PM emissions from vehicle exhaust are not included. The focus is on primary non-exhaust particles in other words those particles emitted directly as a result of the wear of surfaces and not those resul...

Asbestos-containing brake linings were used in heavy-duty construction equipment such as tractors, backhoes, and bulldozers prior to the 1980s. While several published studies have evaluated exposures to mechanics during brake repair work, most have focused on automobiles and light trucks, not on heavy agricultural or construction vehicles. The purpose of this study is to characterize the airbo...

Traffic related sources are a significant contributor of particulate matter, particularly in urban environments and major cities. Traffic related particles can be distinguished into: exhaust traffic related particles, which are emitted as a result of incomplete fuel combustion and lubricant volatilization during the combustion procedure, and nonexhaust traffic related particles, which are eithe...

BACKGROUND Pseudotumor-like periprosthetic tissue reactions around metal-on-metal (M-M) hip replacements can cause pain and lead to revision surgery. The cause of these reactions is not well understood but could be due to excessive wear, or metal hypersensitivity or an as-yet unknown cause. The tissue features may help distinguish reactions to high wear from those with suspected metal hypersens...

PM10-2.5 mass and trace element concentrations were measured in Winston-Salem, Chicago, and St. Paul at up to 60 sites per city during two different seasons in 2010. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to explore the underlying sources of variability. Information on previously reported PM10-2.5 tire and brake wear profiles was used to constrain these features in PMF by prior specificat...

Abstract One important component in a vehicle is the braking system. The main function of system to provide deceleration stop speed. part brake lining. But know physical condition lining, it necessary dismantle wheel and components. So that one initial stages development make an application can predict remaining life lining without having do demolition. Therefore, this study will design calcula...

The friction forces generated during braking between brake pads and discs produce high thermal gradients on the rubbing surfaces. These thermal gradients may cause braking problems such as brake fade, premature wear or hot spotting and the associated hot judder phenomenon in the frequency range below 100 Hz. Further consequences are comfort reductions, a defective braking process, inhomogeneous...

Intensive mass and chemical measurements were performed at roadside locations in Reno, Nevada, and Durham/ Research Triangle Park), North Carolina to derive tailpipe, resuspended road dust, and brake-wear emission factors from in-use vehicles. Continuous particulate matter (PM) data were utilized to derive total emission factors while integrated PM data were used to attribute the calculated emi...