brechtian narrative drama as opposed to aristotelian drama initiated an enormous transformation in german dramatic literature. the major distinctive feature between aristotelian and non-aristotelian drama lies in the certain view and effect each one generates on the audience. according to brecht, aristotelian drama based on pity, fear, empathy, and catharsis results in passivity, lethargy, and ...

Violence and aggression among patients suffering from mental health problems undoubtedly pose a challenge to healthcare professionals, families and carers. Aggressive behaviours affect all aspects of clinical care. The goal of professionals is to ensure safety while effectively managing behavioural emergencies. 'Rapid tranquillisation' implies prescribing pharmacological agents to manage these ...

Biology is generally accepted as a mainstream scientific discipline. However, philosophers of science have questioned the scientific method applied in biological sciences, specifically in evolutionary biology, ever since Karl Popper formulated his principle of falsification. Thus the only major theory in biology, Darwin’s theory of evolution, was referred to by Popper as a metaphysical programm...

Definition of the nature of scientific constructs can playas important a role in science as the original elaboration of an idea. Such clarification should eliminate confusion and lead to the construct's proper application. Although Darwinian evolution remains one of the greatest unifying concepts in biology, its utility has been questioned. Difficulties in defining "fittest" in the phrase "surv...

The announcement in 2004 that a small-brained hominin, Homo floresiensis, had been discovered on the island of Flores, Indonesia, was hailed as a major scientific breakthrough because it challenged preconceptions about the evolution of our closest relatives. Now, just over two years later, questions raised by the interpretation of the fossil abound. In a series of recent papers, critics have qu...

Bornkamm, known for his theological interests, was prevented by death from producing the third volume of what he had begun (earlier than Brecht) as a massive three-volume study of Luther's career. Regarding Brecht's use of source materials, he points out that aside "from insignificant trivialities, every text [in the later volumes of the Weimarer Ausgabe] has been included in this presentation,...

Today, evidence-based medicine (EBM) is proposed as the “natural” way of thinking and practicing medicine. Although it has been questioned with several arguments (little humanist, elitist, disdainful of experience, functional to the health commerce, etc.), criticism has not moved its structure. EBM was born at the beginning of the nineties; it is undoubtedly the dominant thought in today’s medi...

undoubtedly, the legislator has paid special attention toward protection of lineage of persons so as the weakest evidence like lottery may be used to establish a lineage under the shiite jurisprudence. therefore, the value and credit of scientific evidence such as dna test in proving lineage is very clearly acceptable. but the point worth considering here is evaluating whether such scientific e...