Bricks whose solid ingredient is 100% fly ash have been manufactured. The manufacturing process uses techniques and equipment similar to those used in clay brick factories. The bricks produced were about 28% lighter than clay bricks. The bricks manufactured from fly ash possessed compressive strength higher than 40 MPa. This exceeds some of the best of load carrying clay bricks available by mor...

The external envelope walls of a significant percentage the residential building stock in Southern European countries is commonly constituted by infill masonry walls. However, thousands square meters this wall typology presents severe issues cracking and instability, related to incorrect deficient support conditions outer brick panel double-leaf solution. In work, an experimental campaign divid...

Interior brick-infill partitions are usually considered as non-structural components and only their weight is accounted for in practical structural design. In this study, their effect on the progressive collapse resistance of an RC building subjected to sudden column loss is investigated. Three notional column loss conditions with four different brick-infill locations are considered. Column-los...

Reinforced concrete (RC) with masonry infill is one of the most common structural typologies in Nepal, especially Kathmandu Valley. Masonry infills are typically made solid clay bricks produced locally Nepal. This study aims to calibrate spectral-based analytical method, namely, FAST, for Nepalese RC-infilled buildings. The FAST method has been initially conceived Southern European RC buildings...

T Internet has increased the flexibility of retailers, allowing them to operate an online arm in addition to their physical stores. The online channel offers potential benefits in selling to customer segments that value the convenience of online shopping, but it also raises new challenges. These include the higher likelihood of costly product returns when customers’ ability to “touch and feel” ...

During the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, the infill wall is usually simplified as a diagonal inclined strut to facilitate finite element modeling calculations. However, the actual seismic damage and single frame-filled wall pushover experimental results show that when the earthquake shear force is huge, the top of the infill wall and the beam–column connections are usually, thus t...

The main objective of this work is to present an experimental study on the use textile reinforced mortar improve masonry infill walls out-of-plane behaviour. campaign comprises flexural strength tests parallel horizontal bed joints 10 specimens made up hollow clay bricks, five them unstrengthened and remaining strengthened. Cantilever were carried out. efficiency strengthening was assessed effe...

High raised buildings are vulnerable to the lateral loads caused during natural calamities like earthquakes and cyclones. Lateral loads always affect the stability of structures. The shear walls, which are provided to resist these lateral forces, are often considered undesirable from utility point of view as they come in the way of vehicular movement in the parking area. Methods to evaluate the...

PURPOSE This work investigated the proton tissue-equivalence of various 3D printed materials. METHODS Three 3D printers were used to create 5 cm cubic phantoms made of different plastics with varying percentages of infill. White resin, polylactic acid (PLA), and NinjaFlex plastics were used. The infills ranged from 15% to 100%. Each phantom was scanned with a CT scanner to obtain the HU value...

Original scientific paper Reinforced-concrete (R/C) frames infilled with masonry wall, especially with the presence of an opening, are insufficiently explored structural elements. We have experimentally investigated influence of the opening’s type and position to the lateral response of reinforced-concrete frames with masonry infill. Correction factors, that take into account influence of the o...