Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a so-called plant activator and protects plants from diseases by activating the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. By microarray screening, we identified BTH- and SA-inducible WRKY transcription factor (TF) genes that were upregulated within 3 h after BTH treatment. Overexpression of one of them, WRKY45, in rice (Oryza sativa) markedly enhanced resistance to rice b...

Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and low m.w. hyaluronan (LMW HA) fragments have been widely reported to stimulate the innate immune response. However, most hyaluronidases used were purified from animal tissues (e.g., bovine testis Hyal [BTH]), and contain endotoxin and other unrelated proteins. We tested a highly purified recombinant human Hyal (rHuPH20) and endotoxin-free HA fragments from M(r) 5,000 to ...

In this study, the high-production-volume chemical benzothiazole (BTH) from synthetic water was fully degraded into less toxic intermediates of simple organic acids using an up-flow internal circulation microbial electrolysis reactor (UICMER) under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The bioelectrochemical system was operated at 25 ± 2 °C and continuous-flow mode. The BTH loading rate v...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To identify a minimally acceptable cerebral perfusion pressure threshold above which the risks of brain tissue hypoxia (BTH) and oxidative metabolic crisis are reduced for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS We studied 30 poor-grade SAH patients who underwent brain multimodality monitoring (3042 hours). Physiological measures were averaged over 60 minut...

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense state that is induced, for example, after previous pathogen infection or by chemicals that mimic natural signaling compounds. SAR is associated with the ability to induce cellular defense responses more rapidly and to a greater degree than in noninduced plants, a process called "priming." Arabidopsis plants were treated with the synthetic SA...

Systemic acquired resistance is an important component of the disease resistance repertoire of plants. In this study, a novel synthetic chemical, benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), was shown to induce acquired resistance in wheat. BTH protected wheat systemically against powdery mildew infection by affecting multiple steps in the life cycle of the pathogen. The ons...

The corrosion inhibition properties of the benzothiazole BTH and benzotriazole BT inhibitors on the aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution were studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, electrochemical noise EN and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to investigate the inhibition properties of the inhibitors. Scanning electron microscope SEM was also utilized in order to inves...

UNLABELLED The transduction of sound into electrical signals depends on mechanically sensitive ion channels in the stereociliary bundle. The molecular composition of this mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channel is not yet known. Transmembrane channel-like protein isoforms 1 (TMC1) and 2 (TMC2) have been proposed to form part of the MET channel, although their exact roles are still unclear. U...