bubble size distributions, fractals, nucleation, volcanism Both power law and exponential vesicle size distributions (VSDs) have been observed in many different types of volcanic rocks. We present results of computer simulations and laboratory analogue experiments which reproduce these findings and show that the distributions can be interpreted as the product of continuous bubble nucleation res...

This paper presents a theoretical description of diffusion growth of a gas bubble after its nucleation in supersaturated liquid solution. We study systems where gas molecules completely dissociate in the solvent into two parts, thus making Sievert's solubility law valid. We show that the difference between Henry's and Sievert's laws for chemical equilibrium conditions causes the difference in b...

Nucleation of vortex rings accompanies the collapse of ultrasound bubbles in superfluids. Using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a uniform condensate we elucidate the various stages of the collapse of a stationary spherically symmetric bubble and establish conditions necessary for vortex nucleation. The minimum radius of the stationary bubble, whose collapse leads to vortex nucleation, was fou...

Experimental results on bubble nucleation in the solid-state polystyrene–nitrogen system are presented. It was found that the bubble nucleation occurs over a period of approximately 30 s, and is not instantaneous as previously suggested. Over the range of nitrogen pressures explored, 4–14 MPa, the cell nucleation density increased exponentially. However this increase was many orders of magnitud...

We compute the probability distribution of the invariant separation between nucleation centers of colliding true vacuum bubbles arising from the decay of a false de Sitter space vacuum. We find that even in the limit of a very small nucleation rate (ΓH−5 ≪ 1) the production of widely separated bubble pairs is suppressed. This distribution is of particular relevance for the recently proposed “co...

[1] The transfer of volatiles from the Earth’s interior to the atmosphere occurs through degassing of magma, the dynamics of which assert a significant control on volcanic eruptions. The first and most critical step in degassing is the nucleation of gas bubbles, which requires that a sufficient number of volatile molecules cluster together to overcome the free energy associated with the formati...

Using continuum dynamic van der Waals theory in a radial 1D geometry with a Lennard-Jones fluid model, we investigate the nature of vapor bubble nucleation near a heated, nanoscale-curved convex interface. Vapor bubble nucleation and growth are observed for interfaces with sufficiently large radius of curvature while phase stabilization of a superheated fluid layer occurs at interfaces with sma...

We combine density-functional theory with the string method to calculate the minimum free energy path of bubble nucleation in two polymer–CO2 mixture systems, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–CO2 and polystyrene (PS)–CO2. Nucleation is initiated by saturating the polymer liquid with high pressure CO2 and subsequently reducing the pressure to ambient condition. Below a critical temperature (Tc),...

We present a lattice method to compute bubble nucleation rates at radiatively induced first order phase transitions, in high temperature, weakly coupled field theories, nonperturbatively. A generalization of Langer’s approach, it makes no recourse to saddle point expansions and includes completely the dynamical prefactor. We test the technique by applying it to the electroweak phase transition ...

Recent research has revealed several different techniques for nanoscopic gas nucleation on submerged surfaces, with findings seemingly in contradiction with each other. In response to this, we have systematically investigated the occurrence of surface nanobubbles on a hydrophobized silicon substrate for various different liquid temperatures and gas concentrations, which we controlled independen...