RATIONALE Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) is regulated and signals differently in various subcellular microdomains, which greatly enhances its second messenger versatility. In the heart, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and signaling are controlled by local [Ca(2+)]i in the junctional cleft ([Ca(2+)]Cleft), the small space between sarcolemma and junctional sarcoplasmic retic...

Abstruct-In order to use a wrist-mounted sensor (such as a camera) for a robot task, the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the robot wrist frame must be known. We can find the sensor mounting position by moving the robot and observing the resulting motion of the sensor. This yields a homogeneous transform equation of the form A X = XB, where A is the change in the robot wri...

Bulk silicon etching techniques, used to selectively remove silicon from substrates, have been broadly applied in the fabrication of micromachined sensors, actuators, and structures. Despite the more recent emergence of higher resolution, surfacemicromachining approaches, the majority of currently shipping silicon sensors are made using bulk etching. Particularly in light of newly introduced dr...

The need for radiation hard semiconductor detectors for the tracker regions in high energy physics experiments at a future high luminosity hadron collider, like the proposed LHC upgrade, has led to the formation of the CERN RD50 collaboration. The R&D directions of RD50 follow two paths: the optimization of radiation hard bulk materials (Material Engineering) and the development of new detector...

Chemical gas sensors suffers from the drawbacks such as high temperature ((>=300oC) and very high power consumption for sensing inflammable gases like CO, CH4 etc. In this work a new technique for thermal isolation in MEMS gas sensors is presented by coupling micromachining of bulk silicon and oxidized macro porous silicon (OMPS) layer to reduce the

We report on ABB’s fiber-optic current and voltage transducers and their applications in high-voltage substations. We consider bulk-optics and all-fiber current sensors and voltage sensors that exploit the electro-optic effect in BGO and the piezo-electric effect in quartz.

This work presents a novel circuit for detecting transient faults in combinational and sequential logic. The detection mechanism features a built-in current sensor connected to the bulks of the monitored logic. The proposed circuit was optimized in terms of power consumption and enhanced with low-power sleep-mode. In addition, a calibration method for bulk built-in current sensors is presented....

All higher animals have evolved sense organs to detect minute amounts of chemicals in their environments. The stimuli they perceive affect their behavior in various ways: in locating of food, in orientation in home ranges or territories, in detection of the opposite sex, and even in the recognition of individuals of the same species. Among some fishes, the chemical sense organs are extremely we...