Stress urinary incontinence is a major problem at the field of female urology and urogynecology. Symptomatically, this is a losing of the urine on physical efforts, coughing or sneezing. Incompetency of the urethral closing mechanisms are causing urine loss. Mid-urethral synthetic slings are the gold standard of the treatment of the stress urinary incontinence. At the same time, different ureth...

Submucosal deposition of bulking agents is increasingly used for the treatment of intrinsic stress urinary incontinence both in male and female patients. Bulking agents should ideally be nonimmunogenic, biocompatible, non-migratory, injectable, cause a minimal inflammatory reaction, retain the submucosal bulging effect, and reasonably cheap. None of the agents available to date fully meets thes...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of biological materials in the augmentation of the anal sphincter either as part of an overlapping sphincter repair (OSR) or anal bulking procedure. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed was conducted using the search terms "anal bulking agents," "anal sphincter repair," or "overlapping sphincter repair." Five studies us...

The establishment of sustainable soil waste management practices implies minimizing their environmental losses associated with climate change (greenhouse gases: GHGs) and ecosystems acidification (ammonia: NH3 ). Although a number of management strategies for solid waste management have been investigated to quantify nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses in relation to varied environmental and oper...

The aim of this study was to investigate the composting of separated pig manure solids with or without a variety of bulking agents at a low initial C/N ratio (12.5-23.3). Compost stability was investigated using an oxygen uptake rate (OUR) test and compost maturity was investigated using a germination index test. All treatments showed typical patterns of compost temperature. Temperatures above ...