American Viticultural Areas are officially recognized appellations for wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). They represent not only geographic identification for growers, but also economic significance through price premiums for grapes from desirable appellations and wines sourcing grapes from such appellations. Petitions for establishment and official descriptions of American Viticultural Areas in...

The interactions between imipenem and four monobactams and three class A beta-lactamases have been studied in detail. Despite their reputation as being beta-lactamase-stable, some of these compounds were significantly hydrolysed by the enzymes. The results obtained with the Streptomyces albus G beta-lactamase have been analysed in the light of molecular modelling studies. The discussion is exte...

Gurjun oil .. .. .. jtf. Lime water .. .. ,. ^ii. To be mixed together (so as to form an emulsion) and given internally twice a day in the morning and in the evening For external application gurjun oil one part, and lime water three parts, were directed to be thoroughly agitated with a churn until it formed something like butter, which has received the appellation of gurjun ointment; this was o...

In recent years the interest for natural fermentations has been re-evaluated in terms of increasing the wine terroir and managing more sustainable winemaking practices. Therefore, the level of yeast genetic variability and the abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae native populations in vineyard are becoming more and more crucial at both ecological and technological level. Among the factors that...

We examine the Scotch Whisky Association’s (SWA) role in protecting “Scotch whisky” between c. 1945 and 1990. Using new archival evidence, we demonstrate that SWA intensively lobbied UK government to achieve coordination domestic European regulations governing whisky whisky. The SWA’s nonmarket activities were consonant with some trade associations but other respects they atypical. extended its...