Water uptake by mangrove trees can result in salt accumulation in sediment around roots, negatively influencing growth. Tidal pumping facilitates salt release and can be enhanced by crab burrows. Similarly, flushing of burrows by incoming tidal water decreases sediment salinity. In contrast to burrows with multiple entrances, the role of burrows with one opening for salinity reduction is largel...

At the international level, there is an increasing awareness that many of the environmental problems that our civilisation has brought upon itself are either focused on the shorelines or most obvious in their vicinity. Fertiliser run-off from agricultural lands produces eutrophication of coastal waters, marine litter washes up on Norway’s otherwise flawless beaches, and disoriented whales as we...

.............................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................

A Burrows-Wheeler Compressor breaks input into blocks, quickly makes each more compressible, and compresses the modified block with a simple arithmetic or Huffman compressor. We propose an error-resilient Inverse Burrows-Wheeler Compressor. It uses a small amount of overhead alongside output from an ordinary BWT and MTF. It is also size-competitive with BZIP, a popular Burrows-Wheeler compressor.

Like many other species of petrel, blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) are able to return to their nest burrows at night in complete darkness. Since petrels have a well-developed olfactory system, we carried out an experiment to test whether blue petrels use olfaction to localise their nest burrows. Incubating birds were injected intranasally with a zinc sulphate solution, which reversibly impairs...