In this paper we present embeddings of complete binary trees into butterfly networks with or without wrap-around connections. Let m be an even integer and q = m+ LlogmJ-l. We show how to embed a 2+I -I-node complete binary tree T(q) into a (m + 1)2111+1_ node wrap-around butterfly B1l1(m +1) with a dilation of 4, and how to embed T(q) into a (m + 2)2+_node wrap-around butterfly B 1l1 (m +2) wit...

This paper reports a dual-butterfly structure gyroscope based on the traditional butterfly structure. This novel structure is composed of two butterfly structures, each of which contains a main vibrational beam, four proof masses, and a coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism in this proposed structure couples the two single butterfly structures and keeps the driving mode phases of the two s...

during the study of butterflies of bangladesh (insecta: lepidoptera) which carried out since june 2014 to march 2016, several expeditions were made by the authors in the different areas of bangladesh and many butterfly species were collected and identified. among them, five species namely, zezius chrysomallus hübner, 1823, rapala tara de niceville, 1988, cethosia biblis fruhstorfer, 1912 and at...

Advanced bit manipulation operations are not efficiently supported by commodity word-oriented microprocessors. Programming tricks are typically devised to shorten the long sequence of instructions needed to emulate these complicated bit operations. As these bit manipulation operations are relevant to applications that are becoming increasingly important, we propose direct support for them in mi...

We provide the first description of the effects of local vegetation and landscape structure on the fruit-feeding butterfly community of a natural archipelago of montane rainforest islands in the Serra do Espinhaço, southeastern Brazil. Butterflies were collected with bait traps in eleven forest islands through both dry and rainy seasons for two consecutive years. The influence of local and land...

Knowledge of how species interactions are influenced by climate warming is paramount to understand current biodiversity changes. We review phenological changes of Swedish butterflies during the latest decades and explore potential climate effects on butterfly-host plant interactions using the Orange tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines and its host plants as a model system. This butterfly has a...

We describe a new species of extinct riodinid butterfly, Voltinia dramba, from Oligo-Miocene Dominican amber (15-25 Myr ago). This appears to be the first butterfly to be taxonomically described from amber, and the first adult riodinid fossil. The series of five specimens represents probably the best-preserved fossil record for any lepidopteran. The phenomenon of extant Voltinia females oviposi...

1.Environmental changes may not always result in rapid changes in species distributions, abundances or diversity. In order to estimate the effects of, for example, land-use changes caused by agri-environment schemes (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services, information on the time-lag between the application of the scheme and the responses of organisms is essential.2.We examined the effects...

The available butterfly data sets comprise a few limited species, and the images in the data sets are always standard patterns without the images of butterflies in their living environment. To overcome the aforementioned limitations in the butterfly data sets, we build a butterfly data set composed of all species of butterflies in China with 4270 standard pattern images of 1176 butterfly specie...

intra-oral appliances such as transpalatal arch and nance appliance fail to resist against forces that tend to loosen the anchorage. the infirmity arises due to the long lever arm and the mesial force that is perpendicular to the long axis of the appliance. the butterfly arch is presented here as an intra-oral appliance that withstands the mesially directed forces with a mechanism that puts str...