This paper deals with the role of the porosity on the aerodynamic behavior of two civil structures: the Spire, a tall slender tower 80.44m high, and the buttresses of a tall building. The Spire is an original architectonic complement. Its covering, made of perforated steel plates, forms and intricate three-dimensional spiral characterized by five different diameters. The buttresses connect the ...

A buttress is a crucial element for vaulted and domed masonry structures. In this study, after reviewing the forms in historical architecture, previous studies on buttresses are summarized. Then, some ideas potential presented. Finally, effectiveness of an idealized tree buttress-shaped supporting structures against seismic forces investigated. The results indicate that concave parabolic provid...

The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) can account for up to 40% of midface fractures. They are the second most common facial fracture following nasal bone fractures [1]. These fractures commonly stem from assault, motor vehicle accidents, and athletics [1-3]. The ZMC is an important component of facial structure as it defines midface width and malar projection. The ZMC is often referred to as a...

The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) can account for up to 40% of midface fractures. They are the second most common facial fracture following nasal bone fractures [1]. These fractures commonly stem from assault, motor vehicle accidents, and athletics [1-3]. The ZMC is an important component of facial structure as it defines midface width and malar projection. The ZMC is often referred to as a...

The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) can account for up to 40% of midface fractures. They are the second most common facial fracture following nasal bone fractures [1]. These fractures commonly stem from assault, motor vehicle accidents, and athletics [1-3]. The ZMC is an important component of facial structure as it defines midface width and malar projection. The ZMC is often referred to as a...

The importance of construction in the consumption natural resources is leading structural design professionals to create more efficient structure designs that reduce emissions as well energy consumed. This paper presents an automated process obtain low embodied buttressed earth-retaining wall optimum designs. Two objective functions were considered compare difference between a cost optimization...

Moisture is one of the most important factors causing building stone decay and rain penetration leading factors. Particularly, wind-driven spells, which are becoming increasingly common seasonal as a result climate change. Historic buildings' sometimes intricate design features can be factor multiplying meteorological anisotropy, either shielding walls or increasing surface that affected by spe...