The fate of organic nitrogen and carbon introduced into a swimming pool by pool users has been studied using a 2.2 m model pool. The study made use of a body fluid analogue, containing the primary endogenous organic amino compounds, and a soiling analogue represented by humic acid. The system was used to examine the effect of organic loading and organic carbon source (i.e. amino or humic acid) ...

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) that can effectively degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants; but formation of harmful byproducts should be carefully evaluated.

A substantial portion of the lipofuscin that accumulates with age and in some retinal disorders in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, forms as a consequence of light-related vitamin A recycling. Major constituents of RPE lipofuscin are the di-retinal conjugate A2E and its photoisomers. That the accretion of A2E has consequences for the cell, with the adverse effects of A2E being attributab...

performance of the methods [3]. There is a place for different approaches to reflect the diversity of data and hypotheses being addressed, but it is important that supertree workers justify their choice of method. MRP remains popular largely because of its convenience (as standard phylogenetic software is used to analyse the transformed data), but relying exclusively upon MRP is increasingly di...