The molecular forms of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived amidated and C-terminal glycine-extended joining peptide from monkey (Macaca mulatta) pituitary were determined. The predominant forms of joining peptide found were the low molecular peptides POMC(76-105) and POMC(76-106), respectively. Significant amounts of N-terminally truncated POMC(78-105) and POMC(78-106) were also detected in the ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin are two polypeptide hormones of the gut that share complete structural homology in their carboxyl-terminal pentapeptide. Both peptides are biologically activated from their glycine-extended precursor forms by a carboxyl-terminal alpha-amidation reaction. In the present studies we used region specific antisera to characterize the carboxyl-terminally amidated and...

Galanin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [57]) are activated the endogenous peptides galanin and galanin-like peptide. Human is a 30 amino-acid non-amidated peptide [52]; in other species, it 29 amino acids long C-terminally amidated. Amino 1-14 of highly conserved mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia fish. Shorter species (e.g. human galanin-1-19 [21] porcine galan...

The effect of C-terminal amidation on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of antimicrobial peptides was studied using three cationic peptides which form amphiphilic α-helices when bound to membranes. The natural antimicrobial peptide PGLa, the designermade antibiotic MSI-103, and the cell-penetrating “model amphipathic peptide” (MAP) are all amidated in their original forms, and their bi...

Galanin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [57]) are activated the endogenous peptides galanin and galanin-like peptide. Human is a 30 amino-acid non-amidated peptide [52]; in other species, it 29 amino acids long C-terminally amidated. Amino 1-14 of highly conserved mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia fish. Shorter species (e.g. human galanin-1-19 [21] porcine galan...

Neuropeptides and their receptors play vital roles in controlling the physiology and behavior of animals. Short neuropeptide F (sNPF) signaling regulates several physiological processes in insects such as feeding, locomotion, circadian rhythm and reproduction, among others. Previously, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) sNPF receptor (S. invicta sNPFR), a G protein-coupled receptor,...

BACKGROUND During development of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, C-terminal amidated species are observed. C-terminal amidation is catalysed by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an enzyme known to be expressed in CHO cells. The significant variations between clones during clone selection, and the relatively high content of amidated species ...

BACKGROUND The therapeutic use of α-amidated peptides (e.g. calcitonin, glucagon-like peptide) has increased dramatically, but there are major impediments to wider use of such peptides. Larger peptides are expensive to synthesize, and short plasma half-lives frequently limit the clinical circumstances in which the peptides would be useful. Both problems are potentially solved by producing pepti...

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is initially synthesized as a larger precursor that requires post-translational processing to produce the biologically active hexatriacontapeptide. These steps include tryptic cleavage at paired basic residues, their subsequent removal by a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme, and formation of a carboxyl-terminal amide moiety via the action of peptidyl-glycyl a-amidating ...

background: cystatin c (cys c) has been implicated as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of cys c as a marker of acute kidney injury (aki) in acute heart failure (ahf), the impact of cys c and n-terminal probrain natriuretic peptides (nt-probnp) on in-hospital and 12 months mortality were also investigated. materials and methods: a tot...