Invertebrates living in streams where predatory fish are present are often able to detect them through waterborne chemical cues and respond with behavioural changes that lower predation risk. We hypothesised that behavioural responses to a predatory fish (brown trout, Salmo trutta) would be stronger in grazing mayflies (Baetis sp. and Epeorus sp.) than in detritivorous caddisflies (Potamophylax...

Sobarocephala Czerny is divided into nine newly erected species groups: the S. archisobarocephala (4 spp.), S. erwini (3 spp.), S. flava (8 New World spp.; 2 Old World spp.), S. flaviseta (86 New World spp.; 1 Old World sp.), S. interrupta (86 spp.), S. isla (25 spp.), S. latipennis (16 spp.), S. plumicornis (9 Old World spp.), and S. ruebsaameni (11 spp.) groups; 1 species (S. setulocetra spec...

The importance of two-way interactions between animals and the physical hydraulic sedimentological environment are increasingly recognized (e.g., zoogeomorphology). Caddisflies (Trichoptera) a group aquatic insects known for their bioconstructions, particularly cases built from fine sediment silk. Caddisfly differ in size, shape density incorporated sediment, case construction may therefore aff...

General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) and pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) form a monophyletic subfamily of insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) specific for Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths. The GOBP/PBP genes include six subgroups (GOBP1-2, PBP-A-D) previously reported to form a complex arrayed in a conserved order in representative moths (superfamily Bombycoidea) and butterflies (Nym...

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster forced copulation fruit fly sexual behaviour sexual conflict Forced copulation, which is perhaps the most extreme form of sexual conflict, is ubiquitous among many species including humans. To better understand the evolution and maintenance of forced copulations, it is imperative to assess their costs and benefits. We followed up on recent studies indicating fr...

Multiple nomenclatural problems persist in mantodean taxonomy. This constitutes an important challenge for praying mantis systematics, its forthcoming development and future consolidation. In this first contribution, we attempt solving a number of issues involving mostly Neotropical praying mantis species described by Brazilian entomologists Paulo S. Terra, Cândido F. de Mello-Leitão, Salvador ...

A t the heart of evolutionary biology is the endeavor to characterize how descent with modification occurs within species and how these processes can, at times, produce a novel group of individuals different enough from the others in their group that we dub them a new species. We lump the mechanisms that split these individuals (or groups thereof) into two broad categories of preand postmating ...