BACKGROUND Fossil tracks made by non-avian theropod dinosaurs commonly reflect the habitual bipedal stance retained in living birds. Only rarely-captured behaviors, such as crouching, might create impressions made by the hands. Such tracks provide valuable information concerning the often poorly understood functional morphology of the early theropod forelimb. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS He...

Two new species of Fabaceae-Papilionoideae are described and illustrated. Crotalaria suffruticosa from Karul Ghat region of Maharashtra is morphologically close to C. albida and C. epunctata. C. multibracteata from Panhala region of Maharashtra resembles C. vestita. C. suffruticosa differs from C. albida and C. epunctata in its habit, leaf, inflorescence, callosity, keel type, stigma, style mor...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the impact of feet callosities, arm posture, and use of electrolyte wipes on body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in morbidly obese adults. METHODS 36 morbidly obese patients (13 males, aged 28-70 years, BMI 41.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) with moderate/severe feet callosities participated in this study. Body composition (percent body fat (%...

Background. The etiology of foot intertrigo is varied. Several pathogens and skin conditions might play a role in toe web space lesions. Objective. To identify the possible etiological causes of toe web space lesions. Methods. 100 Egyptian patients were enrolled in this study (72 females and 28 males). Their ages ranged from 18 to 79 years. For every patient, detailed history taking, general an...

Clinical Description The patient complained of multiple non-healing sores on his chest and back for 2 years. He had been taking traditional medications for more than 30 years for rheumatism and asthma. He had sought treatment from other clinics previously, and was treated with cryotherapy and excision of some of the chest lesions. These had unfortunately recurred. Clinically, he had numerous er...

Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on production disturbance by postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series brood cells in excavated burrows pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, prepupa produces two types sounds, one ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the result of the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus with osteotomy of the first metatarsal base associated to distal release of soft parts and medial capsuloplasty. METHODS 13 patients were assessed (15 feet) submitted to surgical treatment of hallux valgus moderate to severe. The mean follow-up time was 102 months; there were 12 female and 1 male patients, wit...

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. The common practice of outdoor barefoot walking in the developing world may predispose cirrhotic individuals to skin infection. Aims. To determine the prevalence, risk factors, spectrum of infective organism and outcome of bacterial skin infection in cirrhosis. METHODS Consecutive newly...

Juvenile survival and recruitment can be more sensitive to environmental, ecological and anthropogenic factors than adult survival, influencing population-level processes like recruitment and growth rate in long-lived, iteroparous species such as southern right whales. Conventionally, Southern right whales are individually identified using callosity patterns, which do not stabilise until 6-12 m...