background: we report the analgesic efficacy of lumbar epidural adenosine injection in reducing the chronic neuropathic pain in a patient with primitive neuroectodermal tumor. report of the case: in this case report a 13-year-old male with primary neuroectodermal tumor (pnet) was administered in epidural space with adenosine to reduce his pain. the patient received 10ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and...

endoplasmic reticulum has a critical role in the synthesis and folding of secretory and membrane proteins. high accumulation of proteins in er activates the unfolded protein response and glucose regulated protein 78 or gpr78 plays an essential role in this pathway.  unfolded protein response is activated in cancerous cells due to their adverse condition to survive and it has been shown that grp...

background: studies have shown that obese individuals are at increased risk of breast cancer development and poorer prognosis. leptin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, has pro-inflammatory and proliferative effects and a well-established association with several comorbidities of obesity. this study was designed and conducted to compare the serum levels of leptin in patients with malignant and...

the p53 protein function is essential for the maintenance of the nontumorigenic cell phenotype. pancreatic tumor cells show a very high frequency of p53 mutation. to determine if restoration of wild type p53 function can be used to eliminate the tumorigenic phenotype in these cells, pancreatic tumor cell lines, panc-1 and htb80, differing in p53 status were stably transfected with exogenous wil...

cancer immunotherapy (passive or active) involves treatments which promote the ability of the immune system to fight tumor cells. several types of immunotherapeutic agents, such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, non-specific immunomodulatory agents, and cancer vaccines are currently under intensive investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. cancer vaccines induce pe...

background: in recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiation and subsequent surgical resection with total mesorectal excision has been shown to increase local control with decreased toxicity. neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. in this study we evaluated the efficacy a cox-2 inhibitor on pathologic response, sphincter preservation and acute tox...

background : common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is associated with a broad spectrum of symptoms related to infections, chronic lung diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumors; however, solid tumors are rare complications of cvid and gastric cancer, specially, has been reported very rarely. case presentation : the present case report describes a 28 years old known case of cvid male, who was ...

cancer is a genetic-epigenetic based disease which contains a complex of alterations that cause irreversible transformation of cells with a new anarchic behavior. tumor suppressor inactivation and/or oncogene activation will lead to tumorigenesis. based on the genetic alteration in germ or somatic cells, the affected person will have a different fate of cancer incidence or inheritable cancer su...

circulating tumor cells (ctcs) recognition and characterization in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer have proven practical and predictive value in different studies. however, the clinical significance of ctcs enumeration and molecular characterization in thepersonalization of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment remains under the debate. a literature search in pubmed, web of ...

colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver and lung. metastatic colon carcinoma (mcc) to the breast is extremely rare. krukenberg tumor is an uncommon metastatic tumor of the ovary. case presentation: a 38 years woman presented with abdominal pain. in evaluation colon cancer was diagnosed at stage 3. folfox chemotherapy was done. after one year she developed krukenberg tumor. few...