Canopy height distributions were created from small-footprint airborne laser scanner data for mature coniferous forest in two forest areas in Norway. In total, 82 and 70 georeferenced field sample plots and 39 and 38 forest stands were measured in the two areas, respectively. The average sampling densities were 1.2 m and 0.9 m. Height percentiles, mean and maximum height values, coefficients of...

0378-1127/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.009 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 864 656 4864; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Geoff Wa Throughout the southeastern United States, land managers are currently interested in converting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to species rich longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem...

Annual fluxes of canopy-level heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured using eddy covariance both above the aspen overstory (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and hazelnut understory (Corylus cornuta Marsh.) of a boreal aspen forest (53Ð629 °N 106Ð200 °W). Partitioning of the fluxes between overstory and understory components allowed the calculation of canopy conductance to water vapour fo...

Environmental pollution, quality problems and economic constraints require decreasing the use of pesticides in agriculture. To do so, integrated crop protection aims at developing new strategies that take into account the effects of the agricultural practices on the epidemics development. This requires predicting the development of the epidemics under particular crop practices. This, in turn, r...

To date, it is not clear which are the factors that most influence tropical forest recovery from hurricanes. Increased canopy openness and increased detritus (debris) deposition are two of the most likely factors, but due to their simultaneous occurrence during a hurricane, their relative effects cannot be separated without a manipulative experiment. Hence, in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (...

Plant hydraulic conductance (k s) is a critical control on whole-plant water use and carbon uptake and, during drought, influences whether plants survive or die. To assess long-term physiological and hydraulic responses of mature trees to water availability, we manipulated ecosystem-scale water availability from 2007 to 2013 in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) wood...

We investigated changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence from alternate leaf surfaces to assess the intraleaf light acclimation patterns in combination with natural variations in radiation, leaf angles, leaf mass per area (LMA), chlorophyll content (Chl) and leaf optical parameters. Measurements were conducted on bottom- and top-layer leaves of Tilia cordata Mill. (a shade-tolerant sub-canopy spec...

monte carlo methods designed base on stochastic reiterations and can be useful in uncertainty conditions. the purpose of this research was investigation of uncertainty to rank desertification indicators. in order to decrease uncertainty have been applied monte carlo reiterations for each value of indicator, if rank of xi is higher than rank of xk constantly. using multi dimension integrals the ...

Buffer strips alongside watercourses are a widely accepted method of reducing nutrient and sediment run-off from agricultural land thereby improving water quality. Little attention, however, has been paid to the ecological status of these areas despite the fact that riparian habitats in good condition can provide multiple benefits. We investigated vegetation patterns and plant-environment relat...

region πa2 (26,50) πa1 (13,98) Figure 7 – Phase Transition curves in (L,m) and (N,L) plane with the useful area for abstraction Ideally, if a ground problem lies in the mushy region and has solution, then a useful abstraction operator shall map it into an abstract problem lying in the YES region. On the contrary, if a ground problem lies in the mushy region and has no solutions, then a useful a...