Capillarity approximation is used to study the free-energy landscape of nucleation when an intermediate metastable phase exists. The critical nucleus that corresponds to the saddle point of the free-energy landscape as well as the whole free-energy landscape can be studied using this capillarity approximation, and various scenarios of nucleation and growth can be elucidated. In this study, we c...

Drawing inspiration from the adhesion abilities of a leaf beetle found in nature, we have engineered a switchable adhesion device. The device combines two concepts: The surface tension force from a large number of small liquid bridges can be significant (capillarity-based adhesion) and these contacts can be quickly made or broken with electronic control (switchable). The device grabs or release...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellular response of the diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (Sol) muscles to clinically relevant doses of cyclosporine administered to male rats over 4 wk. Control rats were provided with vehicle only. Muscle fiber types, cross-sectional areas, indexes of capillarity, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were determined by quan...