Simple direct-current (DC) electrical conductivity measurements are widely used to measure the degree of carbon fiber processing during the latter stages of the carbonization, and during the graphitization, of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. Unfortunately, DC conductivity measurements are not possible for the oxidation stage and for the early stages of carbonization because the PAN conductivity ...

In this contribution, we present the synthesis and carbonization mechanism of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on cobalt and terephthalic acid, with detailed attention to the carbonization mechanism of cobalt-based organic frameworks. The evolution of the unique morphology of carbonized cobalt organic frameworks induced by temperature allows the synthesis of a hybrid of multi-layered carbo...

cellulose wastes of a wood and paper factory were used to produce activated carbon. several chemical agents under various conditions were used for production of activated carbon and hence their adsorption properties have been evaluated. in addition the effect of process parameters such as raw material, chemical agent concentration, impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature, carbonization ti...

Bone char (BC) was prepared by carbonizing four types of animal biomass, and the adsorption of fluoride ions and elution of phosphate ions were investigated. It was found that the BC yield decreased as carbonization temperature increased, and that carbonization temperature had no significant effect on surface pH, base or acid consumptions. Fluoride ion adsorption was increased in BC produced at...

In this study, Cellulose-based carbon fibers (CBCFs) were prepared from cellulose after phenol liquefaction and curing. The characteristics and properties of CBCFs were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that, with increasing car...

A series of experiments have been conducted to study the effects of different carbonization temperatures (400, 600, and 800oC) on characteristics of porosity in activated carbon derived from carbonized sugarcane bagassechar at activation temperature of 800oC. The results showed that the activated carbon derived from high carbonized temperature of sugarcane bagassechars had higher BET surface ar...

Carbon nanotubes are being widely studied as a reinforcing element in high-performance composites and fibers at high volume fractions. However, problems with nanotube processing, alignment, and non-optimal stress transfer between the nanotubes and surrounding matrix have so far prevented full utilization of their superb mechanical properties in composites. Here, we present an alternative use of...

The aim of this study was to compare the peripheral bone damage induced by different cutting systems. Four devices were tested: Er:YAG laser (2.94 mm), Piezosurgery, high-speed drill and low-speed drill. Forty-five bone sections, divided into 9 groups according to different parameters, were taken from pig mandibles within 1 h post mortem. Specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, decalcifi...

Ginkgo trees are common street trees in Korea, and the large amounts of leaves that fall onto the streets annually need to be cleaned and treated. Therefore, fallen gingko leaves have been used as a raw material to produce biochar for the removal of heavy metals from solutions. Gingko-leaf-derived biochar was produced under various carbonization temperatures and times. This study evaluated the ...

A specific control of the morphology and chemical structure of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) is of crucial importance for its application, both in catalyst supports or electrochemical devices. Here we show how the morphology, that is, particles size and homogeneity, and the distribution of functional groups can be controlled by the control of the synthesis pH of the hydrothermal carbonization. A co...