C hronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by the presence of airflow limitation which is not fully reversible, but COPD encompasses numerous phenotypes [1]. Phenotypes are the products of genetic and environmental interactions, with ‘‘environment’’ being broadly defined. The systematic measurement and analysis of clinical and other qualitative and quantitative traits may refine C...

the six-minute walk test (6mwt) is a well-tolerated test which reflects daily activities and can be easily used in clinical practice. the 6mwt provides information about functional capacity, response to therapy and prognosis across a range of chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. moreover, the 6mwt is sensitive to the common therapies used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as pulmon...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the change in lactate level during cardiopulmonary bypass and the possible predictive value in identifying patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality after surgery for congenital cardiac disease. METHODS We prospectively studied lactate levels in 174 nonconsecutive patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during operations for congenital cardiac...

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a well-tolerated test which reflects daily activities and can be easily used in clinical practice. The 6MWT provides information about functional capacity, response to therapy and prognosis across a range of chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. Moreover, the 6MWT is sensitive to the common therapies used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as pulmon...

 Abstract Background: The thyroid hormones influence on all metabolic pathways. After heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), serum T3 decreases and remains low for at least 24 hours. Several studies on pediatric have reported reduction of thyroid hormones after heart surgery. This study aimed to investigate the status of thyroid function tests in children with CPB surgery. Metho...

Introduction There are currently no agreed recommendations on how to investigate children for cardiopulmonary involvement in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis (JSSc). The aim of screening is to detect disease early to facilitate early aggressive therapy and improve outcomes. Cardiopulmonary involvement is the leading cause of death in JSSc and cardiopulmonary at diagnosis incurs a worse outcome [1]. ...

a 39-year-old pregnant woman at 38 weeks of gestation was referred with labor pain to a hospital. she had consanguinity with her husband. a female newborn had multiple craniofacial anomalies and phocomelia in right upper limb. the disease locus was assigned to chromosome17q21. four days later, infant died of cardiopulmonary arrest.