The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized and externally paced field test (15-m Incremental Shuttle Walk and Run Test [15mISWRT]), incorporating an incremental and progressive structure, to assess aerobic fitness in middle-aged adults. 68 middle-aged men performed three tests in random order between one to two week intervals: 15-m ISWRT, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX), and 15...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing adds important additional information to that provided by the standard exercise test. In particular, cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides precise determination of aerobic capacity, the causes of dyspnea with exertion, and prognosis in patients with systolic heart failure. This review provides basic, practical information about cardiopulmonary exercise testi...

A recent issue of the Journal included two articles (1,2) involving cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure. Despite the clinical consequences of this test, there is no standardization of the compilation of results from the raw data. Interestingly, there is a great deal of literature involving the determination of ventilatory threshold but little standardization within o...

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Myocardial ischemia may occur during an exercise session in cardiac rehabilitation programs. However, it has not been established whether it is elicited when exercise prescription is based on heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Our objective was to determine the incidence of myocardial ischemia in cardiac rehabilitation programs a...

Background: The equations predicting maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max or peak) presently in use in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) softwares in Brazil have not been adequately validated. These equations are very important for the diagnostic capacity of this method. Objective: Build and validate a Brazilian Equation (BE) for prediction of VO2peak in comparison to the equation cited by Jones...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in oxygen efficiency occur with aging or exercise training in healthy young and older subjects. BACKGROUND Exercise capacity declines with age and improves with exercise training. Whether changes in oxygen efficiency, defined as the oxygen cost per unit work, contributes to the effects of aging or training has not yet been defi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether physiological cardiac reserve can be measured in man without invasive procedures and whether it is a major determinant of exercise capacity. DESIGN Development of method of measurement and an observational study. SETTING A regional cardiothoracic centre. SUBJECTS 70 subjects with a wide range of cardiac function, from heart failure patients to athletes. ...