In predictive modeling, as reviewed by these authors, historical data are used to predict a known future. Each model produces a risk score on a scale of 0-1 (or 0-100%), but each outcome is either an event or a non-event, so the score cannot ever be “valid”, except in an extreme situation. As in many of the papers reviewed, typically the basic definition of “validation” is stretched to include ...

BACKGROUND Despite reports in the literature that both leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and commuting physical activity (CPA) can promote health benefits, the literature lacks studies comparing the associations of these domains of physical activity with cardiovascular risk scores. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between LTPA and CPA with different cardiovascular risk scores in t...

background: cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. the framingham risk score uses age, sex,  cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10‑year risk probability of developing cardiovascular disease for a given patient. the aim of this...

Genetic risk scores are a useful tool for examining the cumulative predictive ability of genetic variation on cardiovascular disease. Important considerations for creating genetic risk scores include the choice of genetic variants, weighting, and comparability across ethnicities. Genetic risk scores that use information from genome-wide meta-analyses can successfully predict cardiovascular outc...