The efficient, stereocontrolled construction of polycyclic ring systems has long presented a formidable challenge to synthetic chemists. Cascade reactions offer a 'quick fix'--building multiple rings in a single step--and often dramatically shorten a synthetic route. In this Emerging Area article, a selection of the most recent and impressive examples of applications of this tactic to natural p...

A significant result in the structure theory of regular languages is the Krohn-Rhodes Theorem, which states that any finite automaton can be decomposed into simple “prime factors”. This theorem can be stated in different versions using different products on different structures, namely the cascade product of automata, the wreath product of transformation semigroups and the block product of semi...

We develop new algebraic tools to reason about concurrent behaviours modelled as languages of Mazurkiewicz traces and asynchronous automata. These reflect the distributed nature underlying causality concurrency between events, can be said support true concurrency. They generalize that have been so efficient in understanding, classifying reasoning word languages. In particular, we introduce an v...

The functionalization of bio-based chemicals is essential to allow valorization of natural carbon sources. An atom-efficient biocatalytic oxidative cascade was developed for the conversion of saturated fatty acids to α-ketoacids. Employment of P450 monooxygenase in the peroxygenase mode for regioselective α-hydroxylation of fatty acids combined with enantioselective oxidation by α-hydroxyacid o...

In this proof of concept study we demonstrate direct utilization of limonene containing waste product orange peel as starting material for a biocatalytic cascade reaction. The product of this cascade is chiral carvolactone, a promising building block for thermoplastic polymers. Four different concepts were applied to augment limonene availability based on either water extraction solely, additio...

Stripper columns are used for sweetening crude oil, and they must hold product hydrogen sulfide content as near the set points as possible in the faces of upsets. Since product    quality cannot be measured easily and economically online, the control of product quality is often achieved by maintaining a suitable tray temperature near its set point. Tray temperature control method, however, is n...

In this research, a green, operationally simple, highly efficient and facile cascade Biginelli reaction using various aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea/thiourea has been developed. First, the ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of 1-methyl-2-pyrolidone with methane sulfonic acid. Then, this ionic liquid was applied as an acidic catalyst in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidi...

Abstract Improving circularity in the building sector entails ensuring greater material efficiency to avoid virgin extraction. To assist stakeholders decisions regarding salvaging an in-use product, potential further uses of this salvaged product and its materials should be determined. In other words, cascade determined given circular strategies, i.e. reuse, repurpose, repair sequentially. pred...

Abstract Improving circularity in the building sector entails ensuring greater material efficiency to avoid virgin extraction. To assist stakeholders decisions regarding salvaging an in-use product, requires predict and assess potential further productive uses of that product its materials. The range possible cascade paths originating from X their assessments comprise X. Method: determine impac...