A multiplicative cascade can be thought of as a randomization of a measure on the boundary of a tree, constructed from an iid collection of random variables attached to the tree vertices. Given an initial measure with certain regularity properties, we construct a continuous time, measure-valued process whose value at each time is a cascade of the initial one. We do this by replacing the random ...

This paper studies output feedback control of pure-feedback systems with immeasurable states and completely non-affine property. Since availability of all the states is usually impossible in the actual process, we assume that just the system output is measurable and the system states are not available. First, to estimate the immeasurable states a state observer is designed. Relatively fewer res...

Cryptographic schemes are often designed as a combination of multiple component cryptographic modules. Such a combiner design is robust for a (security) specification if it meets the specification, provided that a sufficient subset of the components meet their specifications. A folklore combiner for encryption is cascade, i.e. c = E ′′ e′′(E ′ e′(m)). We show that cascade is a robust combiner f...

A nonlinear L2-gain property that generalizes the conventional (linear) notion of L2-gain for finite dimensional dynamical systems is studied. In particular, an optimizationbased approximation strategy that facilitates computation of gain bounds via a cascade is presented. The cascade in question consists of the dynamical system under test, driven by a nonlinear “energy saturation” operator tha...

Polystyrene(40)-b-poly(isocyanoalanine(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl)amide)(50) (PS-PIAT) polymersomes have the unique property of being sufficiently porous to allow diffusion of small (organic) substrates while retaining large biomolecules such as enzymes inside. Herein we report on the encapsulation and protection of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP) in PS-PIAT polymersomes and ...

We investigate and compare the computational loads of different implementations of a system for asynchronous sample rate reduction: The cascade of a preceding synchronous polyphase L-Interpolator, an asynchronous sample rate converter applying five different Farrow structures being based on Lagrange interpolation and a successive synchronous polyphase M-decimator. For a limited range of require...

This paper analyses the turbulent energy cascade from perspective of statistical mechanics, and relates interscale fluxes to irreversibility information entropy production. The microscopical reversibility is tested by constructing a reversible three-dimensional system using dynamic model for sub-grid stresses. system, when reversed in time, develops sustained inverse towards large scales, evide...

â liquefied natural gas (lng) is the most economical way of transporting natural gas (ng) over long distances. liquefaction of ng by using vapor compression refrigeration system requires high operating and capital cost. due to lack of systematic design methods for multistage refrigeration cycles, the conventional approaches of determining optimal cycle configuration are mostly based on trial-an...

Turbulent cascades at high Reynolds numbers are explained briefly in terms of multipliers and multiplier distributions. Two properties of the multipliers ensure the existence of power laws for locally averaged energy dissipation rate: (a) the existence of a multiplier probability density function that is independent of the level of the cascade, and (b) the statistical independence of multiplier...

Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to cause multiple toxicities in various organisms. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for GO-induced shortened longevity are still unclear. We employed Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the possible involvement of insulin signaling pathway in the control of GO toxicity and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Mutation of daf-2, age-1, akt-1, or a...