Caves pose significant challenges for mining projects, since they harbor many endemic and threatened species, and must therefore be protected. Recent discussions between academia, environmental protection agencies, and industry partners, have highlighted problems with the current Brazilian legislation for the protection of caves. While the licensing process is long, complex and cumbersome, the ...

Togenra cave in Madello Village, Barru Regency (South Sulawesi) is located the Tonasa Karst Formation, known as one of largest formations Asia and also popular for its unique features functions. Currently, local government has not yet established a regulation on management cave, locals are free to access calcium guano mining which can threaten ecosystem cave. Therefore, it necessary develop non...

the sofeh mountain in the south of isfahan (iran) has a development of shafts (vertical cave). simorgh cave with a depth of 42 m and a length of 52 m has developed along significant fault structures. structural analysis indicates relationships of orientation between the faults and fractures and shafts and chambers geometries. considering the main ne-sw trend of tectonic structures in the area, ...

Cave backfill grouting implies grouting of the caving rock mass prior to it being compacted. The filling materials strengthen the caving rock and support the overlying strata to achieve the purpose of slowing down the surface subsidence. The broken roof will fail and collapse during mining operations performed without appropriate supporting measures being taken. It is difficult to perform conti...

Overhead transmission lines are the main form of high-voltage and UHV long-distance transmission. When line path passes through limestone areas, mining areas others, possible existence karst caves mined-out under tower base will have a greater impact on stability foundation. According to previous detection experience, different underground cave forms requirements need choose suitable technology...

Gammarus minus, a freshwater amphipod living in the cave and surface streams in the eastern USA, is an excellent model for investigating evolutionary adaptation to the subterranean environment. RNA-Seq was conducted on one pair of morphologically distinct sister populations inhabiting surface and cave habitats to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the two populations, as well ...

There are a large number of karst caves in the limestone rock strata mining area, and water seriously restricts safe efficient recovery coal resources. In order to reveal influence law on evolution water-conducting fissures seam mining, numerical simulation method UDEC software is employed analyze development characteristics under conditions different sizes. By comparing analyzing overlying dis...

Karstand cave-systems are complex, 3-dimensional phenomena. Mapping and visualizing them represents a challenge to cartographers, morphologists and computer-graphics-specialists. Surveying and sketching of cave-maps as well as the construction of 3D-cave-models (incl. geology) are important parts of cave exploration and research. Besides supporting the efforts of speleologists, cave maps and 3D...

Conventional wisdom among cave divers is that submerged caves in aquifers, such as in Florida or the Yucatan, are unstable due to their ever-growing size from limestone dissolution in water. Cave divers occasionally noted partial cave collapses occurring while they were in the cave, attributing this to their unintentional (and frowned upon) physical contact with the cave walls or the aforementi...

This paper introduces a Natural User Interface (NUI) that enables interaction in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). The tracking of the head and hand in a CAVE usually takes place with the help of magnetic tracking systems or marker-based optical tracking systems. In both cases the user has to wear a number of instruments. In contrast, the CAVE at the HTW Berlin uses two depth detecti...