The agent 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) has chemotherapeutic activity in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The cytotoxic activity of 2-CdA requires the intracellular accumulation of 2-CdA nucleotides. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) are the principal enzymes that phosphorylate 2-CdA and dephosphorylate 2-CdA 5'-mo...

A Continuous Double Auction (CDA) is a powerful auction mechanism used in online share trading. A CDA has many buyers and sellers continually exchanging items. Implementing an online CDA in software is more complicated than a regular online auction (such as eBay). This paper describes our experiences with implementing an online CDA. We present the model as an abstraction of the online share tra...

Since 1995, BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support (EI&S) has been developing and demonstrating the Commander‘s Decision Aid (CDA), a generalized sensor/information fusion processor and resource/response manager for integrated defense of ground combat vehicles. The CDA was developed under several contracts to Prime Contractor United Defense for the U.S. Army Tankautomotive & Armaments ...

Cytidine deaminase (CDA) purified from human placenta revealed the presence of five isoenzymatic forms that differ only in their isoelectric point. Since human cytidine deaminase exists in two variants (CDA 1 and CDA 2) with a non-conservative amino acid substitution at codon 27, in this work we demonstrate that these two variants may combine together in vitro, giving five CDA isoforms as obser...

2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA; cladribine) is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of certain leukemias. However, the signalling events that govern CdA-mediated cytotoxicity in leukemia cells remain unclear. We show here that CdA treatment caused Jurkat human T leukemia cells to die via apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Bcl-2 overexpression protected Jurkat T leukemia...

Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is a standard for the exchange of electronic medical records. This paper describes a self-protecting security framework for protecting the security and privacy of CDA documents. The framework extends a CDA document with markups from XML based security standards including eXtensible Access Control Markup Language, XML Encryption, and XML Signature. This integ...

The clinical decision analysis (CDA) has used to overcome complexity and uncertainty in medical problems. The CDA is a tool allowing decision-makers to apply evidence-based medicine to make objective clinical decisions when faced with complex situations. The usefulness and limitation including six steps in conducting CDA were reviewed. The application of CDA results should be done under shared ...

We propose a novel variant of the Continuous Double Auction (CDA), the Trust-based CDA (T-CDA), which we demonstrate to be robust to execution uncertainty. This is desirable in a setting where traders may fail to deliver the goods, services or payments they have promised. Specifically, the T-CDA provides a mechanism that allows agents to commit to trades they believe will maximize their expecte...

A new codon property, codon directional asymmetry in nucleotide content (CDA), reveals a biologically meaningful genetic code dimension: palindromic codons (first and last nucleotides identical, codon structure XZX) are symmetric (CDA = 0), codons with structures ZXX/XXZ are 5'/3' asymmetric (CDA = - 1/1; CDA = - 0.5/0.5 if Z and X are both purines or both pyrimidines, assigning negative/positi...

Abstract Cylinder deactivation is well-known in spark-ignited (SI) engines and compression-ignited (CI) engines. The major reason why the efficiency of these decreased at part load due to flow restriction intake system caused by partially closing throttle valves, which causes increased pumping losses. In order resolve this issue, cylinder can be implemented SI with four cylinders developing a s...