Cyclic electron flow (CEF), one of the major alternative electron transport pathways to the primary linear electron flow (LEF) in chloroplasts has been discovered in the middle of the last century. It is defined as a return of the reductants from the acceptor side of the Photosystem I (PSI) to the pool of its donors via the cytochrome b6f, and has proven essential for photosynthesis. However, d...

The photosystem II (PSII) activity of C3 plants is usually inhibited at noon associated with high light but can be repaired fast in the afternoon. However, the diurnal variation of photosystem I (PSI) activity is unknown. Although, cyclic electron flow (CEF) has been documented as an important mechanism for photosynthesis, the diurnal variation of CEF in sun leaves is little known. We determine...

Photosynthesis captures light energy to produce ATP and NADPH. These molecules are consumed in the conversion of CO2 to sugar, photorespiration, and NO3(-) assimilation. The production and consumption of ATP and NADPH must be balanced to prevent photoinhibition or photodamage. This balancing may occur via cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF), which increases ATP/NADPH production duri...

We previously showed that both the linear photosynthetic electron transportation rate and the respiration rate dropped significantly during N starvation-induced neutral lipid accumulation in an oil-producing microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana, and proposed a possible role for cyclic electron flow (CEF) in ATP supply. In this study, we further exploited this hypothesis in both Chlorella sorokinian...

Dynamics of the singlet-triplet crystalline electric field (CEF) system at finite temperatures is discussed by use of the non-crossing approximation. Even though the Kondo temperature is smaller than excitation energy to the CEF triplet, the Kondo effect appears at temperatures higher than the CEF splitting, and accordingly only quasi-elastic peak is found in the magnetic spectra. On the other ...

The recently published article by Fugate et al. [1] reminds us of the frequently underappreciated yet deleterious neurotoxic potential of cefepime (CEF) in critically ill patients with pre-existent or acute kidney dysfunction [2]. We do agree with the authors that dose adjustments for renal function are critical to minimize the risk of CEF neurotoxicity. However, we would like to warn of darede...

Resistivity measurements were performed on Pr1−xLaxOs4Sb12 single crystals at temperatures down to 20 mK and in fields up to 18 T. The results for dilute-Pr samples x=0.3 and 0.67 are consistent with model calculations performed assuming a singlet crystalline-electric-field CEF ground state. The residual resistivity of these crystals features a smeared step centered around 9 T, the predicted cr...

The Kondo lattice antiferromagnet YbNiSi3 was investigated by neutron scattering. The magnetic structure of YbNiSi3 was determined by neutron diffraction on a single-crystalline sample. Inelastic scattering experiments were also performed on a pulverized sample to study the crystalline electric field (CEF) excitations. Two broad CEF excitations were observed, from which the CEF parameters were ...

Eight d (8d) and 16d (16d) chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) exhibited marked differences in their adhesive capacity on plastic support, but not on fibronectin substratum. This suggests differences in fibronectin (FN) expression and/or FN receptor expression. Both 8d and 16d CEF expressed an identical number of membrane receptors for FN with similar affinity. In contrast, the newly synthesized FN ...

Treatments aimed at inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in patients with sepsis have been unsuccessful. Up to 50% of such patients suffer from pneumonia. To determine the effect that treatment with anti-TNF has on pneumococcal pneumonia, mice were intranasally inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and, 25 h later, treated with 1 of the following: (1) control antibody, (2) anti-TNF, (3)...