Background: Chronic inflammation has critical role in Type 2 diabetes (T2D), in which IL-1β contributes in insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. The activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 by endogens ligands, such as mtDNA can lead to the release of active form of IL-1β. Objective: To evaluate AIM2 expression and activation as well as circulating mtDNA levels in T2D patients. Methods: AIM2 expres...

Cell free DNA (cfDNA) has received increasing attention and has been studied in a broad range of clinical conditions. However, few studies have focused on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell free form. We optimized DNA isolation and sequencing library preparation protocols to better retain short DNA fragments from plasma, and applied these optimized methods to plasma samples from patients wit...

Abstract Aim Before accepting an organ for transplantation, it is important to ensure safe use. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) has been demonstrated be accurate predictor of 90-day graft loss in liver transplant surgery. Previous studies revealed that cell free mitochondrial DNA (cf mtDNA) predictive ischemic acute kidney injury transplantation. There no validated scoring system or biomarker clini...

Compelling epidemiological evidences indicate a significant association between leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and incidence risk of several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether leukocyte mtDNA content affect prognosis of HCC patients and underlying mechanism has never been explored. In our study, leukocyte mtDNA content was measured in 618 HCC p...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) is presumably derived from injured tissues or cells in the body and has been suggested to be potential biomarker in several diseases. The present study explored whether mtDNA could be used as a biomarker to evaluate disease in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). MA...

cell free dnas (cfdnas) are small fragments of genomic or mitochondrial dna releasing from cells into the blood stream. the presence of cfdna in the human circulatory system has been shown for the first time in 1948 however, the potential clinical applications of cfdna remained unknown until recent progress in detection and quantification of these molecules by sensitive methods. in this paper, ...

Enriching target sequences in sequencing libraries via capture hybridization to bait/probes is an efficient means of leveraging the capabilities of next-generation sequencing for obtaining sequence data from target regions of interest. However, homologous sequences from non-target regions may also be enriched by such methods. Here we investigate the fidelity of capture enrichment for complete m...

Evolution of biological processes is fascinating and more so the evolutionary reduction of mitochondrial genome. A proteobacterium that invaded the nucleus-containing host cell 1.5 billion years ago, as would the endosymbiotic model surmises,1 ended up enslaved and yet became the essence of life of the invaded cell. And, if so, the invader could not have had a genome that was comprised of only ...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be cotranscribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. To this end, we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mt...