Congenital lesions of a cerebral hemisphere may involve its optic tract primarily or trans-synaptically. Such lesions produce a distinctive retrograde hypoplasia in each optic nerve and retina (Fig. I, overleaf) which we have identified ophthalmoscopically and have named homonymous hemioptic hypoplasia. This report describes and illustrates fundoscopic features of this neuro-ophthalmological an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent work has shown that up to 50% of patients with congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) have abnormalities of the brain that can be detected by brain MR imaging. We attempted to determine whether brain MR imaging is useful for the diagnosis and classification of patients with CMDs. METHODS The brain MR studies of 12 patients with biopsy-proved CMDs were reviewed re...

Cri-du-Chat syndrome, also called the 5p-syndrome, is a rare genetic abnormality, and only few cases have been reported on its brain MRI findings. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a 1-year-old girl with Cri-du-Chat syndrome who showed brain stem hypoplasia, particularly in the pons, with normal cerebellum and diffuse hypoplasia of the cerebral hemispheres. We suggest that ...

In order to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and the interconnections, 101 fixed brains from human cadavers with a mean age of 41.3 years were subjected to objective scrutiny. Symmetry was visualized with an unaided eye and measurements made under microscopic magnification technique using a micrometer. Classic symmetry was observed in only 19 of the specimens, whereas the rest of the 82...

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an inherited disorder characterized by transient episodic hyperpnea, ataxia, and vermian hypoplasia. Typical imaging findings of JS include hypoplasia or aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, thick and elongated superior cerebellarpeduncles and an abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa with 'molar tooth sign'. We present a case of JS associated with deep cerebral sulci and f...

Background Brainstem hypoperfusion may evoke systemic hypertension as a mechanism to boost cerebral blood flow: the selfish brain hypothesis. This notion is supported by evidence of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) in hypertensive rat models. We determined the prevalence of anatomical variations of posterior cerebral circulation which could predispose to brainstem hypoperfusion in a hypertensi...

A 37 year old woman was admitted to the department of neurosurgery because of severe headache during sexual intercourse 4 weeks earlier. Cerebral MRI showed an aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery which had caused a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Transcranial 2 MHz duplex sonography (Logiq 500, General Electrics) disclosed an aneurysm at the ramification of the middle cerebral artery into the...

in order to evaluate the microvascular anatomy and the interconnections, 101 fixed brains from human cadavers with a mean age of 41.3 years were subjected to objective scrutiny. symmetry was visualized with an unaided eye and measurements made under microscopic magnification technique using a micrometer. classic symmetry was observed in only 19 of the specimens, whereas the rest of the 82 speci...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of improved visualization of posterior fossa structures with MR imaging, cerebellar malformations are recognized with increasing frequency. Herein we attempt to describe and propose a rational classification of cerebellar malformations. METHODS MR images obtained in 70 patients with cerebellar malformations were retrospectively reviewed. The cerebellar malformat...