Degradation of Acid Red 4 (AR4) by photocatalytic processes with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) of various dimensions was carried out in this study. TNTs was fabricated by the anodization of titanium foil in electrolyte containing fluoride. The dimension and the induced photocurrent of TNTs were determined by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy and a potentialstat/galvanostat, respective...

The control of cell proliferation by gastrin has been investigated in a rat pancreatic tumour cell line, AR4-2J. Exogenous gastrin, 10-12 to 10-8 M, stimulated cell growth of thymidine-synchronised AR4-2J cells cultured over 48 h in serum-free medium. Cell lysates of AR4-2J cells contained an average of 4.5 and 3.5 pg gastrin per 106 cells, when grown in serum-supplemented or serum-free media, ...

The role of the different basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) forms on the regulation of pancreatic acinar cancer cells was analyzed on the rat cell line AR4-2J. This cell line expresses bFGF receptors but does not produce bFGF. AR4-2J cells were retrovirally transfected with the wild type or with point-mutated bFGF complementary DNAs in order to obtain the expression of all the bFGF forms (c...

Citation: Alves JMB, Vasconcelos Junior FC, Chaves RR, Silva EM, Servain J, Costa AA, Sombra SS, Barbosa ACB and dos Santos ACS (2016) Evaluation of the AR4 CMIP3 and the AR5 CMIP5 Model and Projections for Precipitation in Northeast Brazil. Front. Earth Sci. 4:44. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00044 Evaluation of the AR4 CMIP3 and the AR5 CMIP5 Model and Projections for Precipitation in Northeast Br...

Global Circulation Models (GCMs) contributed to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and are widely used in global change research. This paper assesses the performance of the AR4 GCMs in simulating precipitation and temperature in China from 1960 to 1999 by comparison with observed data, using system bias (B), root-mean-square error (RMSE), Pearson...

In the past several decades, the tropospheric westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere have been observed to accelerate on the poleward side of the surface wind maximum. This has been attributed to the combined anthropogenic effects of increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone and is predicted to continue by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/Fourth Assessment R...

[1] The coupled global atmospheric-ocean models used for transient simulations in the IPCC AR4 report differences in the present-day shortwave forcing of more than 2 W/m. We show here that about 1.3 W/m of this spread could be explained by the different methods used to calculate cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) from aerosol mass concentrations. Although we cannot rule out that other fo...

The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) assessed a range of scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions without policies to specifically reduce emissions, and concluded that these would lead to an increase in global mean temperatures of between 1.4°C and 6.9°C by the end of the 21st Century, relative to pre-industrial. While much political attention is focussed on the potential for global warm...

In this paper, downscaling models are developed using a Linear Multiple Regression (LMR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for obtaining projections of mean monthly precipitation to lake-basin scale in an arid region in India. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated through application to downscale the predictand (precipitation) for the Pichola lake region in Rajasthan state i...